【摘要】：由于兼具高理論能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率和低生產(chǎn)成本,作為第三代太陽(yáng)能電池,量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽(yáng)能電池已受到太陽(yáng)能業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。然而,迄今為止,量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率與傳統(tǒng)太陽(yáng)能電池的相比仍有較大差距。本文以電池的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理為基礎(chǔ),考慮量子點(diǎn)敏化電極的制備方法,量子點(diǎn)的能級(jí)調(diào)控,光陽(yáng)極的材料性能對(duì)太陽(yáng)能電池性能的影響,采用正交結(jié)構(gòu)的TiO_2納米粒子對(duì)ZnO納米棒陣列進(jìn)行修飾;采用原位還原法在TiO_2/ZnO納米棒陣列光陽(yáng)極引入等離激元Ag納米顆粒;設(shè)計(jì)了一步連續(xù)離子層交互吸附與反應(yīng)法制備能帶可調(diào)的Cd-Zn-Se-S量子點(diǎn)敏化電極,系統(tǒng)研究了電池的性能。主要的研究?jī)?nèi)容分為以下三個(gè)方面:首先,為了減少氧化鋅(ZnO)陣列表面的缺陷以降低電荷復(fù)合,利用H_3BO_3和(NH4)2TiF6溶液合成了正交結(jié)構(gòu)的二氧化鈦(TiO_2)納米粒子并用其對(duì)ZnO納米棒包覆,形成了復(fù)合納米結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)利用了納米顆粒提供的大比表面積以及納米棒優(yōu)良的電子傳輸特性,以獲得良好的電荷傳輸和光捕獲能力。由于TiO_2修飾后的ZnO納米棒陣列的表面復(fù)合中心(羥基)較少,因此ZnO納米棒表面上發(fā)生的電荷俘獲減少,從而降低了電荷復(fù)合,延長(zhǎng)了電子壽命。最終,TiO_2修飾后太陽(yáng)能電池的能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率(PCE)達(dá)到4.80%,比未修飾電池的PCE(2.7%)提高78%。其次,為了提高光陽(yáng)極的光俘獲能力,在TiO_2/ZnO納米棒陣列(NAs)引入Ag納米粒子(NPs)構(gòu)建量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽(yáng)能電池(QDSC)。銀納米粒子的引入不僅增加了光俘獲效率,促進(jìn)激子解離,而且還降低了表面電荷復(fù)合,延長(zhǎng)電子壽命,這些都有助于提高CdS/CdSe量子點(diǎn)(QDs)共敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的短路電流密度(Jsc)。銀納米粒子與TiO_2納米粒子直接接觸使得費(fèi)米能級(jí)朝著負(fù)電位上移,從而增加了電池的開路電壓(Voc)。因此,Ag NPs修飾的TiO_2/ZnO NAS的PCE達(dá)到5.92%,比未修飾電池PCE(4.8%)提高了22%;最后,為了簡(jiǎn)化量子點(diǎn)沉積步驟,利用簡(jiǎn)易一步SILAR法在TiO_2多孔膜上沉積Cd-Zn-Se-S QDs制備光陽(yáng)極。通過(guò)優(yōu)化Cd~(2+)/Zn~(2+)和Se~(2-)/S~(2-)的比例,得到最優(yōu)比,即:Cd~(2+)/Zn~(2+)=Se~(2-)/S~(2-)=0.3。通過(guò)TEM和XPS表征得出Cd-Zn-Se-S QDs由CdS、CdSe、ZnS、ZnSe這四種物質(zhì)組成。UV-Vis測(cè)試表明循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加可提高光陽(yáng)極的光吸收能力,有利于提高Jsc;EIS測(cè)試表明隨著循環(huán)次數(shù)的增加,ZnSe和ZnS轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)镃dSe和CdS,電荷復(fù)合增加,降低了Voc。當(dāng)循環(huán)次數(shù)達(dá)到10時(shí),Cd-Zn-Se-S QDs敏化的太陽(yáng)能電池的PCE達(dá)到最大為5.62%。
[Abstract]:Because of its high theoretical energy conversion efficiency and low production cost, as the third generation solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells have been widely concerned by the solar industry. However, up to now, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of QDs sensitized solar cells is much lower than that of traditional solar cells. In this paper, based on the structure and principle of the cell, the effects of the preparation method of quantum dot-sensitized electrode, the energy level regulation of quantum dot and the material performance of photoanode on the performance of solar cell are considered. The ZnO nanorod array was modified by orthogonal structure TiO_2 nanoparticles, and the isobaric Ag nanoparticles were introduced into the photoanode of TiO_2/ZnO nanorod arrays by in situ reduction method. The one-step continuous ion layer interaction adsorption and reaction method was designed to prepare the Cd-Zn-Se-S quantum dot-sensitized electrode with adjustable energy. The performance of the battery was systematically studied. The main research contents are as follows: firstly, in order to reduce the surface defects of zinc oxide (ZnO) arrays and reduce the charge recombination, orthogonal structure titanium dioxide (TiO_2) nanoparticles were synthesized by H_3BO_3 and (NH4) 2TiF6 solution and coated with ZnO nanorods. A composite nanostructure was formed. The structure takes advantage of the large specific surface area provided by nanoparticles and the excellent electron transport characteristics of nanorods in order to obtain good charge transport and optical trapping ability. Because the surface recombination centers (hydroxyl) of ZnO nanorods modified by TiO_2 are less, the charge trapping on ZnO nanorods decreases, which reduces the charge recombination and prolongs the electron lifetime. Finally, the energy conversion efficiency (PCE) of TiO2 modified solar cells reached 4.80, which was 78% higher than the PCE (2.7%) of unmodified cells. Secondly, in order to improve the photocapture ability of photoanode, quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSC). Was constructed by introducing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) into TiO_2/ZnO nanorod array (NAs). The introduction of silver nanoparticles not only increases the phototrapping efficiency, promotes the exciton dissociation, but also reduces the surface charge recombination and prolongs the electron lifetime. These results are helpful to increase the short-circuit current density (Jsc). Of CdS/CdSe quantum dot (QDs) co-sensitized solar cells. The direct contact between silver nanoparticles and TiO_2 nanoparticles makes Fermi energy level move up to negative potential, thus increasing the open circuit voltage (Voc). Of the cell. Therefore, the PCE of TiO_2/ZnO NAS modified with Ag NPs is 5.92, which is 22% higher than that of unmodified PCE (4.8%). Finally, in order to simplify the step of quantum dot deposition, a simple one-step SILAR method is used to prepare the photoanode on the porous TiO_2 film. By optimizing the ratio of Cd~ (2) / Zn ~ (2) and Se~ (2-) / S ~ (2-), the optimal ratio is obtained, that is, the ratio of% CD ~ (2) / Zn ~ (2) / Zn ~ (2) / S ~ (2-) is 0.3. The results of TEM and XPS showed that Cd-Zn-Se-S QDs was composed of CdS,CdSe,ZnS,ZnSe. UV-Vis showed that the increase of cycle times could improve the photoabsorption ability of photoanode. The results of Jsc;EIS test showed that with the increase of cycle times, ZnSe and ZnS changed into CdSe and CdS, charge compound increase, and Voc. decreased. The maximum PCE of the solar cell sensitized by Cd-Zn-Se-S QDs is 5.62 when the cycle number reaches 10:00.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM914.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 李龍斌;吳武強(qiáng);饒華商;陳洪燕;馮浩霖;匡代彬;蘇成勇;;分等級(jí)氧化鋅納米片-納米棒電極高效硒化鎘量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽(yáng)電池（英文）[J];Science China Materials;2016年10期

2 程軻;吳仰晴;蒙健;趙耀龍;王曉云;杜祖亮;;利用金納米晶等離子共振效應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)量子點(diǎn)敏化太陽(yáng)能電池的光電流增強(qiáng)（英文）[J];Science Bulletin;2015年05期

，

本文編號(hào)：2214513