發(fā)布時間：2018-08-29 17:14

【摘要】：在全球能源危機(jī)和環(huán)境污染的背景下,可再生能源因其可開發(fā)潛力巨大和清潔環(huán)保的特點,近年來得到了快速的發(fā)展�？稍偕茉吹姆植际桨l(fā)電技術(shù)因其可靠性高,相比于大規(guī)模的風(fēng)、光電站對電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性的沖擊小,獲得了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者廣泛地關(guān)注。作為一種特殊的分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng),微電網(wǎng)將分布式電源、負(fù)荷、電力電子裝置、儲能等整合為一個獨立的發(fā)供電系統(tǒng),有利于可再生能源的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,成為目前世界各國研究的熱點。微電網(wǎng)中的逆變器作為可再生能源并網(wǎng)的主要接口,其控制策略對微電網(wǎng)的性能有至關(guān)重要的影響。由于傳統(tǒng)的PQ控制、Vf控制和下垂控制難以滿足微電網(wǎng)獨立自治運行的需要,越來越多的學(xué)者開始關(guān)注虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的概念。本文針對虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的小信號穩(wěn)定性和參數(shù)設(shè)計展開研究,主要研究內(nèi)容有:1.通過對下垂控制和同步發(fā)電機(jī)小信號模型的對比分析,證明了下垂控制是虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的一個特例。針對下垂控制缺乏慣性,受擾后易振蕩失穩(wěn)的缺陷。參考同步發(fā)電機(jī)引入電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定器的原理,在下垂控制中引入功率微分項進(jìn)行改進(jìn)能夠有效抑制振蕩。建立了下垂控制引入功率微分項前后微電網(wǎng)完整的小信號模型。對比分析了控制參數(shù)與線路參數(shù)變化對兩種系統(tǒng)小信號穩(wěn)定性的影響,總結(jié)了控制參數(shù)的選擇方法。進(jìn)一步地進(jìn)行了靈敏度分析,研究對比了微電網(wǎng)中各逆變電源狀態(tài)變量對系統(tǒng)低頻模式的參與程度,以及線路參數(shù)變化對參與因子的改變。得出結(jié)論:線路長度或阻抗比增加為系統(tǒng)提供阻尼,且越靠近該線路的逆變電源獲得的阻尼越大;且使用下垂控制時,系統(tǒng)特征根對各逆變電源的主導(dǎo)性更易改變。最后,通過不同工況下的仿真驗證了建模、分析與結(jié)論的正確性。2.設(shè)計了一種無需電流傳感器的虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)控制策略。控制策略包括原動機(jī)與轉(zhuǎn)子運動方程、電壓-無功控制和輸電線路功率計算方程3個主要部分。其中創(chuàng)新地采用輸電線路功率計算方程計算虛擬電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩,可以使虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)無需電流傳感器。建立了虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的小信號模型,并結(jié)合同步發(fā)電機(jī)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行分析,系統(tǒng)性地總結(jié)了參數(shù)設(shè)計的方法。主要結(jié)論如下:虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的同步轉(zhuǎn)矩與濾波器參數(shù)、輸電線路參數(shù)、電壓-無功控制環(huán)節(jié)的電壓增益、無功增益有關(guān),且無功增益相比于電壓增益對同步轉(zhuǎn)矩的影響更大;阻尼轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)子方程阻尼系數(shù)、原動機(jī)頻率下降系數(shù)有關(guān)。慣性時間常數(shù)增加將同時減少虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的阻尼和振蕩頻率。虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓與無功功率的關(guān)系則與電壓增益和無功增益有關(guān)。最后通過多種參數(shù)工況下的仿真實驗驗證了所總結(jié)的參數(shù)設(shè)計方法的正確性。3.設(shè)計了一種與同步發(fā)電機(jī)具有一致響應(yīng)的虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)控制策略,控制器包括:原動機(jī)與轉(zhuǎn)子運動方程、虛擬勵磁控制、虛擬電磁暫態(tài)控制、雙PI控制器幾個部分。建立了一致性虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的小信號模型。通過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),一致性虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的部分控制參數(shù)和電路參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)小信號穩(wěn)定性的影響也符合“虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)的同步轉(zhuǎn)矩與濾波器參數(shù)、輸電線路參數(shù)有關(guān),阻尼轉(zhuǎn)矩與轉(zhuǎn)子方程阻尼系數(shù)、原動機(jī)頻率下降系數(shù)有關(guān)”的結(jié)論。同時對重新設(shè)計的虛擬勵磁控制環(huán)節(jié)和雙PI控制器參數(shù)的設(shè)計方法進(jìn)行了研究,得出了參數(shù)設(shè)計的方法。最后通過仿真實驗驗證了 一致性虛擬同步發(fā)電機(jī)與同步發(fā)電機(jī)具有一致的響應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Under the background of global energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy has been developed rapidly in recent years because of its great potential for development and clean environmental protection. The distributed generation technology of renewable energy has high reliability. Compared with large-scale wind, the impact of photovoltaic power station on the stability of power grid is small, and has won scholars at home and abroad. As a special distributed generation system, micro-grid integrates distributed generation, load, power electronic devices and energy storage into an independent power generation and supply system, which is conducive to the large-scale application of renewable energy and has become a research hotspot all over the world. Due to the traditional PQ control, Vf control and droop control are difficult to meet the needs of independent and autonomous operation of microgrid, more and more scholars begin to pay attention to the concept of virtual synchronous generator. The main research contents are as follows: 1. By comparing droop control with small signal model of synchronous generator, droop control is proved to be a special case of virtual synchronous generator. A complete small-signal model of microgrid is established before and after power differential term is introduced into droop control. The effects of control parameters and line parameters on small-signal stability of the two systems are compared and analyzed, and the selection methods of control parameters are summarized. Sensitivity analysis is carried out, and the participation degree of each inverter state variable in the low frequency mode of the system and the variation of the line parameters in the system are compared. The dominance of the eigenvalues of the system is easier to change when the system is droop controlled. Finally, the simulation results under different operating conditions verify the correctness of the modeling, analysis and conclusion. 2. A virtual synchronous generator control strategy without current sensor is designed. The control strategy includes the motion equation of the prime mover and rotor, voltage-reactive power control. And the three main parts of the transmission line power calculation equation, in which the virtual synchronous generator does not need current sensor by innovatively using the transmission line power calculation equation to calculate the virtual electromagnetic torque. The main conclusions are as follows: the synchronous torque of virtual synchronous generator is related to filter parameters, transmission line parameters, voltage gain of voltage-reactive power control link, reactive power gain, and the effect of reactive power gain on synchronous torque is greater than that of voltage gain; damping torque and rotor equation damping coefficient, prime mover frequency The relationship between the output voltage and reactive power of the virtual synchronous generator is related to the voltage gain and reactive power gain. Finally, the simulation results under various parameter conditions show that the proposed parameter design method is correct. Veracity. 3. A virtual synchronous generator control strategy is designed, which has the same response as the synchronous generator. The controller consists of several parts: the motion equation of the prime mover and rotor, the virtual excitation control, the virtual electromagnetic transient control and the double PI controller. The influence of some control parameters and circuit parameters of the VSR on the small signal stability of the system also conforms to the conclusion that the synchronous torque of the VSR is related to the filter parameters, the transmission line parameters, the damping torque is related to the damping coefficient of the rotor equation and the frequency drop coefficient of the prime mover. The design method of parameters of virtual excitation control and double PI controller is studied, and the method of parameter design is obtained. Finally, the simulation results show that the consistent virtual synchronous generator and synchronous generator have the same response.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM31

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