發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-28 21:40

【摘要】：玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂復(fù)合材料作為一種良好的絕緣材料,被廣泛用于絕緣套管等電力設(shè)備中。由于玻璃纖維表面的活性問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致其不能與環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂基體之間形成良好的結(jié)合,容易使絕緣材料在生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用的過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生缺陷進(jìn)而加速電力設(shè)備絕緣老化。等離子體表面改性是目前發(fā)展較快的新技術(shù),它可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)高效率地處理材料,使玻璃纖維更易于和環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂等有機(jī)膠黏劑結(jié)合。本文采用低溫等離子體對(duì)玻璃纖維表面進(jìn)行改性,研究了改性后的玻璃纖維對(duì)玻璃纖維/環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂復(fù)合材料的電氣和力學(xué)性能的影響。首先,采用介質(zhì)阻擋放電在空氣中大氣壓下產(chǎn)生的低溫等離子體對(duì)無(wú)堿玻璃纖維進(jìn)行改性實(shí)驗(yàn),分別處理0s、180s、360s、540s,考察經(jīng)不同時(shí)間改性后玻璃纖維表面形貌及化學(xué)組成成分的變化,并分析玻璃纖維的改性效果與等離子體處理時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在空氣中經(jīng)不同時(shí)間等離子體處理后玻璃纖維表面出現(xiàn)不同程度的刻蝕痕跡,并且成功引入了 O-C=O等新的含氧極性官能團(tuán),這二者相互作用可以很好地提升玻璃纖維與環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂的界面結(jié)合強(qiáng)度。但等離子體的處理效果并不是隨時(shí)間的增加而增強(qiáng)的,基于本文的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,在空氣中大氣壓下對(duì)玻璃纖維進(jìn)行等離子體處理的最佳方案為:電源頻率11kHz,工作電壓20kV,放電功率70W,處理時(shí)間180s。其次,采用不同含量等離子體改性后的玻璃纖維摻雜環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂,制備成玻璃纖維/環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂復(fù)合材料,并測(cè)試復(fù)合材料的局部放電起始電壓、交流短時(shí)擊穿電壓、拉伸、彎曲強(qiáng)度,結(jié)合復(fù)合材料的斷面形貌對(duì)比分析等離子體改性效果對(duì)復(fù)合材料的電氣及力學(xué)性能的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)采用經(jīng)低溫等離子體改性后的玻璃纖維制備的環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂復(fù)合材料,電氣和力學(xué)性能均有所提升。從復(fù)合材料的斷面形貌來(lái)看,等離子體改性使玻璃纖維在環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂中分散的更加均勻,并且玻璃纖維因拔出而留下的孔洞較少,與環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂結(jié)合的更加緊密。改性后的玻璃纖維含量為20wt%時(shí),復(fù)合材料的局部放電起始電壓及交流短時(shí)擊穿電壓達(dá)到最高為23.2kV和33.5kV,提高了 6.9%和3.4%,拉伸、彎曲強(qiáng)度在改性后玻璃纖維為25wt%時(shí)達(dá)到最高,分別為61.325MPa和170MPa,提高了 29.1%和22.4%。綜上所述,低溫等離子體的化學(xué)刻蝕作用引起的玻璃纖維表面形貌的變化,以及表層極性基團(tuán)的引入,是玻璃纖維表面活化處理中的主導(dǎo)過(guò)程,是提升復(fù)合材料的電氣和力學(xué)性能的關(guān)鍵。當(dāng)改性后玻璃纖維的含量達(dá)到20wt%～25wt%時(shí),玻璃纖維/環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂復(fù)合材料的電氣和力學(xué)性能均達(dá)到最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:As a good insulating material, glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are widely used in electrical equipment such as insulating sleeving. Due to the problem of glass fiber surface activity, it can not form a good combination with epoxy resin matrix, which can easily lead to defects in the process of production and application of insulating materials, and accelerate the insulation aging of power equipment. Plasma surface modification is a new technology, which can be used to treat materials efficiently in a short time and make glass fiber easier to bind to organic adhesive such as epoxy resin. The surface of glass fiber was modified by low temperature plasma. The effect of modified glass fiber on the electrical and mechanical properties of glass fiber / epoxy resin composite was studied. Firstly, the alkali free glass fiber was modified by low temperature plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure. The surface morphology and chemical composition of glass fiber after different time modification were investigated. The relationship between the effect of glass fiber modification and plasma treatment time was analyzed. The experimental results show that the surface of glass fiber is etched in different degree after different time plasma treatment in air, and new oxygen-containing polar functional groups, such as O-C=O, have been successfully introduced. The interfacial bonding strength of glass fiber and epoxy resin can be improved by the interaction of the two. However, the effect of plasma treatment is not enhanced with the increase of time, based on the experimental results in this paper. The optimal scheme for plasma treatment of glass fiber at atmospheric pressure is as follows: power frequency 11kHz, working voltage 20kV, discharge power 70W, treatment time 180s. Secondly, glass fiber / epoxy resin composites were prepared by using different contents of plasma-modified glass fiber doped epoxy resin. The initial voltage of partial discharge, AC short-time breakdown voltage and tensile strength of the composites were measured. The effect of plasma modification on the electrical and mechanical properties of composites was analyzed by means of bending strength and cross-section morphology. It was found that the electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites modified by low temperature plasma were improved. According to the cross-section morphology of the composite, plasma modification makes the glass fiber disperse more evenly in epoxy resin, and the glass fiber has fewer holes left by pull-out, and the bond between glass fiber and epoxy resin is more compact. When the content of the modified glass fiber is 20 wt%, the initial voltage of partial discharge and the short time breakdown voltage of the composite reach the maximum of 23.2kV and 33.5 kV, which increase by 6.9% and 3.4%. The tensile and flexural strength of the modified glass fiber reaches the highest when the modified glass fiber is 25 wt%. 61.325MPa and 170 MPA were increased by 29. 1% and 22. 4%, respectively. To sum up, the changes of glass fiber surface morphology caused by chemical etching of low temperature plasma and the introduction of polar groups in the surface layer are the leading processes in the surface activation treatment of glass fiber. It is the key to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of composites. When the content of the modified glass fiber reaches 20wt% and 25wt%, the electrical and mechanical properties of the glass fiber / epoxy resin composite are optimized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM215.1

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本文編號(hào)：2151656