【摘要】：電機(jī)遍布國民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域和日常生活中,尤其在石油、化工、機(jī)械制造等行業(yè)領(lǐng)域中占據(jù)著極其重要的地位。當(dāng)前人民物質(zhì)生活水平不斷提高、科學(xué)技術(shù)水平日益進(jìn)步,電機(jī)各方面性能面臨了嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn),尤其是對(duì)低振動(dòng)噪聲電機(jī)的需求越來越高。電磁噪聲是電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的主要組成部分,而電磁噪聲的一部分由硅鋼片磁致伸縮效應(yīng)引起。磁致伸縮效應(yīng)是在磁性材料等處于磁場中并被磁化時(shí),并沿其磁化方向發(fā)生的伸長及縮短變化,表現(xiàn)為振動(dòng)效果。本文首先討論了電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)硅鋼片中磁致伸縮效應(yīng)的存在以及磁致伸縮效應(yīng)對(duì)電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)的不良影響,說明了本課題考慮磁致伸縮效應(yīng)的電機(jī)減振降噪方法的重要意義。從實(shí)驗(yàn)出發(fā),設(shè)計(jì)了一種對(duì)電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行振動(dòng)測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,針對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,建立了二維電磁-機(jī)械耦合數(shù)值模型,并在有限元仿真軟件中對(duì)磁致伸縮效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了計(jì)算與分析,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證表明了磁致伸縮效應(yīng)對(duì)電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的影響情況。針對(duì)由于電機(jī)定子結(jié)構(gòu)硅鋼片磁致伸縮效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的振動(dòng)噪聲問題,提出通過在電機(jī)定子中打孔填充具有負(fù)磁致伸縮特性的材料來抑制電機(jī)振動(dòng)噪聲的方法,即在保障填充材料的特性與定子硅鋼片特性基本一致的前提下,使擬填充材料的負(fù)磁致伸縮與硅鋼片的正磁致伸縮效應(yīng)引起的形變基本相互抵消,對(duì)于負(fù)磁致伸縮材料的特性、尺寸和在電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)中的合理分布位置由優(yōu)化算法代入有限元分析過程迭代計(jì)算確定,從而最終達(dá)到減振降噪目的。本文選擇擬填充材料孔的大小和分布位置作為優(yōu)化算法的輸入,整個(gè)電機(jī)定子的總應(yīng)力作為輸出,計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示電機(jī)定子應(yīng)力明顯減小。實(shí)驗(yàn)與計(jì)算中用到的方法對(duì)分析磁致伸縮效應(yīng)對(duì)電機(jī)定子硅鋼片振動(dòng)噪聲的影響具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義,將為低噪聲電機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)提供理論支撐,具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)意義和應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Motor is widely used in the fields of national economy and daily life, especially in the fields of petroleum, chemical industry, machinery manufacturing and so on. With the improvement of people's material living standard and the progress of science and technology, the performance of motor is facing severe challenges, especially the demand for low vibration noise motor is more and more high. Electromagnetic noise is the main component of motor vibration noise, and the electromagnetic noise is caused by magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheet. The magnetostrictive effect is the variation of elongation and shortening along the direction of magnetization when the magnetic material is in the magnetic field and magnetized. In this paper, the existence of magnetostrictive effect and the adverse effect of magnetostrictive effect on motor stator structure are discussed, and the significance of the method of reducing vibration and noise of motor considering magnetostrictive effect is explained. Based on the experiment, an experimental device is designed to measure the vibration of the motor stator structure. A two-dimensional electromagnetic mechanical coupling numerical model is established in view of the phenomena in the experiment. The vibration characteristics of motor stator structure caused by magnetostriction effect are calculated and analyzed in finite element simulation software. The experimental results show that the magnetostrictive effect affects the stator structure vibration of motor. Aiming at the problem of vibration and noise caused by magnetostrictive effect of silicon steel sheet in motor stator structure, a method is proposed to suppress vibration noise of motor by filling holes in the stator of motor with negative magnetostrictive properties. That is, on the premise that the properties of filling materials are basically consistent with those of stator silicon steel sheets, the negative magnetostriction of imitated filling materials and the deformation caused by positive magnetostrictive effects of silicon steel sheets are basically offset each other, and for the characteristics of negative magnetostrictive materials, The size and the reasonable distribution position in the motor structure are determined by the optimization algorithm in the process of finite element analysis, so as to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction and noise reduction. In this paper, the size and distribution of the holes in the quasi-filled material are selected as the input of the optimization algorithm, and the total stress of the whole motor stator is taken as the output. The calculated results show that the stator stress of the motor decreases obviously. The methods used in experiment and calculation have important guiding significance for analyzing the effect of magnetostrictive effect on vibration noise of stator silicon steel sheet of motor, and will provide theoretical support for the design of low noise motor, and have important academic significance and application prospect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM301.4

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