【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)上,電力系統(tǒng)利用發(fā)電側(cè)備用資源進(jìn)行頻率的調(diào)整,頻率的一次調(diào)整以及二次調(diào)整能夠在各個(gè)時(shí)間尺度上滿足電力系統(tǒng)對(duì)頻率質(zhì)量的要求。但是隨著發(fā)電側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,特別是核電以及間歇性能源發(fā)電比例的提高,發(fā)電側(cè)提供備用的能力有所下降。同時(shí),大容量火電機(jī)組發(fā)電的經(jīng)濟(jì)成本以及環(huán)境成本日益增長(zhǎng),僅僅依靠發(fā)電側(cè)資源進(jìn)行頻率調(diào)整已經(jīng)不足夠,發(fā)掘負(fù)荷側(cè)資源的備用潛力已經(jīng)日益受到關(guān)注�？照{(diào)負(fù)荷作為一種典型的恒溫控制負(fù)荷與家居負(fù)荷,在夏季用電高峰期所占的負(fù)荷比例逐年上升,具有提供負(fù)荷備用的潛力。同時(shí),由于其內(nèi)在的熱儲(chǔ)性能,能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)整工作狀態(tài)而不影響用戶的效用,降低自身的功率需求,進(jìn)而達(dá)到調(diào)整頻率的目的。對(duì)于空調(diào)負(fù)荷,用戶的效用主要是熱舒適度。論文基于溫度與濕度兩個(gè)影響因素,提出用戶熱舒適度雙層模糊評(píng)價(jià)模型,在此基礎(chǔ)上論文提出空調(diào)負(fù)荷個(gè)體自主響應(yīng)系統(tǒng)頻率信號(hào)的控制策略,根據(jù)用戶的舒適度等級(jí)與電力系統(tǒng)頻率偏差進(jìn)行自身設(shè)定溫度調(diào)整。論文設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所提出的用戶熱舒適度模型以及空調(diào)控制策略的有效性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。盡管個(gè)體空調(diào)功率需求的降低對(duì)于整個(gè)電網(wǎng)的功率不平衡狀態(tài)的影響微乎其微,但是當(dāng)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的大量空調(diào)負(fù)荷進(jìn)行工作狀態(tài)的調(diào)整,降低負(fù)荷集群的聚合功率,將會(huì)改善發(fā)電功率與負(fù)荷功率之間的不平衡,達(dá)到抑制電網(wǎng)頻率降低的目標(biāo)。論文在已有空調(diào)三階物理模型的基礎(chǔ)上,采用蒙特卡洛模擬方法,對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行抽樣,將研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的空調(diào)負(fù)荷進(jìn)行聚合,并將其聚合特性映射到相應(yīng)的負(fù)荷節(jié)點(diǎn)上,提出包含空調(diào)負(fù)荷的,結(jié)構(gòu)保持電網(wǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)模型。由于空調(diào)負(fù)荷群的聚合功率處于動(dòng)態(tài)變化中,節(jié)點(diǎn)電壓與注入電流為非線性關(guān)系,因此,不能將空調(diào)負(fù)荷群的聚合特性表達(dá)為靜態(tài)ZIP模型,也無(wú)法采用針對(duì)感應(yīng)電動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)模型。為了適應(yīng)空調(diào)的聚合特性,論文設(shè)計(jì)了內(nèi)層一外雙層迭代算法研究電網(wǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,采用內(nèi)層迭代解決網(wǎng)絡(luò)方程,外層迭代解決微分一代數(shù)方程組,分析空調(diào)負(fù)荷控制策略對(duì)系統(tǒng)頻率的影響。在空調(diào)負(fù)荷控制實(shí)現(xiàn)的過(guò)程中,由于大量空調(diào)負(fù)荷的狀態(tài)信息與數(shù)據(jù)需要傳輸與處理,因此對(duì)信息的傳輸能力是考驗(yàn)。論文在計(jì)及信息通信技術(shù)限制的前提下,提出了空調(diào)負(fù)荷控制的信息—物理系統(tǒng)(Cyber Physical System, CPS)交互仿真控制策略實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制。利用OpenDSS作為電力系統(tǒng)的仿真平臺(tái),NS-2作為信息通信系統(tǒng)的仿真平臺(tái),MATLAB作為控制平臺(tái)實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)軟件之間的數(shù)據(jù)溝通與時(shí)間同步。論文利用IEEE 13節(jié)點(diǎn)配電網(wǎng)模型,通過(guò)在CPS仿真平臺(tái)上進(jìn)行算例仿真,針對(duì)通信技術(shù)對(duì)負(fù)荷控制實(shí)現(xiàn)的影響與限制進(jìn)行了分析。
[Abstract]:Traditionally, the power system makes use of the reserve resources of the generation side to adjust the frequency, and the frequency adjustment and the secondary adjustment can meet the frequency quality requirements of the power system at various time scales. However, with the change of generation side structure, especially the increase of power generation ratio of nuclear power and intermittent energy, the capacity of generating side to provide reserve is decreased. At the same time, the economic cost and environmental cost of power generation of large capacity thermal power units are increasing day by day. It is not enough to rely on the generation side resources to adjust the frequency, and the potential of exploiting the load side resources has been paid more and more attention. Air conditioning load, as a typical constant temperature control load and household load, accounts for an increasing proportion of the load during the summer peak period, which has the potential to provide backup load. At the same time, because of its inherent heat storage performance, it can adjust the working state in a short time without affecting the utility of the user, reduce its own power demand, and then achieve the purpose of adjusting the frequency. For air conditioning load, the user's utility is mainly thermal comfort. Based on two factors, temperature and humidity, a two-layer fuzzy evaluation model of user thermal comfort is put forward, and the control strategy of individual self-responding frequency signal of air conditioning load is put forward in this paper. Adjust the temperature according to the degree of comfort and the frequency deviation of power system. Experiments are designed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed thermal comfort model and air conditioning control strategy. Although the reduction of individual air conditioning power demand has little effect on the power imbalance of the whole power grid, when a large number of air conditioning loads in the study area are adjusted to reduce the aggregate power of the load cluster, The imbalance between generation power and load power will be improved to reduce the frequency of power grid. Based on the existing third order physical model of air conditioning, Monte Carlo simulation method is used to sample the parameters of the model. The air conditioning load in the studied area is aggregated and its aggregation characteristics are mapped to the corresponding load nodes. In this paper, a dynamic model of power grid with air conditioning load is proposed. Because the aggregate power of air conditioning load group is changing dynamically and the nodal voltage and injection current are nonlinear, the aggregation characteristics of air conditioning load group can not be expressed as static ZIP model. Nor can a dynamic model for induction motors be adopted. In order to adapt to the aggregation characteristics of air conditioning, the inner layer and outer layer iterative algorithm is designed to study the dynamic process of power grid. The inner layer iteration is used to solve the network equation, and the outer layer iteration is used to solve the differential generation equations. The influence of air conditioning load control strategy on system frequency is analyzed. In the process of realization of air conditioning load control, because a large number of air conditioning load state information and data need to be transmitted and processed, so the transmission ability of information is tested. In this paper, considering the limitation of information and communication technology, the realization mechanism of interactive simulation control strategy for air conditioning load control based on Cyber physical system (CPS) is proposed. OpenDSS is used as the simulation platform of power system, and MATLAB is used as the control platform to realize the data communication and time synchronization between the two software. Based on the IEEE 13-bus distribution network model, the paper analyzes the influence and limitation of communication technology on the realization of load control through the example simulation on CPS simulation platform.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM761.2

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