本文選題：有源中點鉗位 + 復矢量��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：多電平拓撲以其較小的電流畸變率、能量雙向流動等優(yōu)點被廣泛應用在中高壓大功率場合。在中高壓大功率系統(tǒng)中,功率器件的損耗較大,可通過降低功率器件開關頻率的方法來降低損耗。但隨著開關頻率的降低會導致多電平系統(tǒng)的控制性能下降。本文基于有源中點鉗位(ANPC)三電平整流器,研究了整流器的SPWM調制算法,并在開關頻率降低時對控制系統(tǒng)進行數(shù)學建模以及設計了兩種電流內環(huán)控制器。首先,基于三電平ANPC整流器拓撲結構,建立控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型以及功率器件損耗模型。并對三電平ANPC、NPC整流器不同換流方式進行分析,可知三電平ANPC整流器在零電平狀態(tài)擁有更多的換流方式,通過在零電平切換過程選擇不同的零開關狀態(tài)可以解決NPC整流器器件損耗不平衡問題。研究三電平ANPC整流器的三種傳統(tǒng)SPWM調制算法。其次,利用復矢量分析法分析低開關頻率下控制系統(tǒng)性能的變化情況,建立相應的復矢量數(shù)學模型。在低開關頻率下,采用常規(guī)PI電流調節(jié)器以及帶前饋解耦的PI電流調節(jié)器控制時系統(tǒng)內部仍存在耦合,不能實現(xiàn)控制系統(tǒng)完全解耦。通過傳遞函數(shù)分析可知,復矢量控制器可以完全抵消系統(tǒng)耦合項,利用bode圖、單位階躍響應證明了復矢量調節(jié)器在降低開關頻率時仍具有較好的動靜態(tài)特性。再次,為使在低開關頻率下控制系統(tǒng)仍具有較好的動穩(wěn)態(tài)性能,基于模型預測控制進行研究。根據(jù)三電平ANPC整流器的控制目標:較好的電流跟隨性、中點電位平衡控制,對27種電壓矢量進行滾動優(yōu)化得到控制系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)電壓矢量;由于存在冗余零開關狀態(tài),為將零電壓矢量轉換為唯一輸出開關狀態(tài),基于損耗預測模型,對損耗進行滾動優(yōu)化從而實現(xiàn)電壓矢量狀態(tài)向開關狀態(tài)的轉換。為使損耗、系統(tǒng)控制性能以及開關頻率同時達到最優(yōu)狀態(tài),改進控制算法。此外,為獲得較小的電流畸變率,在模型預測控制的基礎上,利用滑動傅里葉變換提取的基波及各次諧波量,通過滾動優(yōu)化后實現(xiàn)較小電流諧波的的控制性能,通過仿真驗證控制算法的有效性。最后,基于三電平ANPC整流器實驗平臺。完成了三電平ANPC整流器SPWM調制算法、復矢量控制、模型預測控制方法的實驗,驗證了低開關頻率下兩種控制方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Multilevel topology is widely used in high power applications due to its low current distortion rate and bidirectional energy flow. In medium and high voltage power systems, the loss of power devices is large, which can be reduced by reducing the switching frequency of power devices. However, with the decrease of switching frequency, the control performance of multilevel system will decline. In this paper, based on the active neutral point clamping (ANPC) three-level rectifier, the SPWM modulation algorithm of the rectifier is studied, and the mathematical model of the control system and two current inner loop controllers are designed when the switching frequency is reduced. Firstly, based on the topology of the three-level ANPC rectifier, the mathematical model of the control system and the loss model of the power device are established. The different commutation modes of the three-level ANPC-NPC rectifier are analyzed. It is known that the three-level ANPC rectifier has more converters in the zero-level state. The loss imbalance of NPC rectifier devices can be solved by selecting different zero-switching states in the zero-level switching process. Three traditional SPWM modulation algorithms for three-level ANPC rectifier are studied. Secondly, the complex vector analysis method is used to analyze the change of control system performance at low switching frequency, and the corresponding mathematical model of complex vector is established. At low switching frequency, the conventional Pi current regulator and the Pi current regulator with feedforward decoupling still have coupling in the control system, which can not realize the complete decoupling of the control system. According to the analysis of transfer function, the complex vector controller can completely cancel the coupling term of the system. Using the bode diagram and the unit step response, it is proved that the complex vector controller still has better dynamic and static characteristics when the switching frequency is reduced. Thirdly, in order to make the control system still have better dynamic and steady performance at low switching frequency, the model predictive control is studied. According to the control objectives of the three-level ANPC rectifier: better current following and neutral point potential balance control, the optimal voltage vector of the control system is obtained by rolling optimization of 27 voltage vectors. In order to convert the zero-voltage vector to the unique output switching state, based on the loss prediction model, the loss is optimized by rolling to realize the switching from the voltage vector state to the switching state. In order to achieve the optimal state of loss, system control performance and switching frequency simultaneously, the control algorithm is improved. In addition, in order to obtain lower current distortion rate, based on model predictive control, the control performance of small current harmonics is realized by rolling optimization by using the fundamental wave and harmonic quantity extracted by sliding Fourier transform. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is verified by simulation. Finally, based on the three-level ANPC rectifier experimental platform. The experiments of SPWM modulation algorithm, complex vector control and model predictive control for three-level ANPC rectifier are carried out, and the feasibility of the two control methods at low switching frequency is verified.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM461

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