本文選題：等離子體 + 城市生活垃圾　； 參考：《廣州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：等離子體氣化技術(shù)可將城市生活垃圾(簡稱MSW)中的無機(jī)物變成少量、無害的灰渣,將有機(jī)物轉(zhuǎn)化成合成氣,同時,等離子體的高溫高熱可以徹底分解二惡英、呋喃、焦油等有害物質(zhì),很好地實現(xiàn)了垃圾的“減量化”、“資源化”和“無害化”。然而,MSW等離子體氣化處理在國內(nèi)還沒有形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化,關(guān)于MSW等離子體氣化項目的經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性分析較少。因此,本文對1000t/d MSW等離子體氣化發(fā)電項目的垃圾進(jìn)行了經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性分析研究,選擇了等離子體輔助熱解氣化作為研究項目的氣化方式,并采用燃?xì)?蒸汽聯(lián)合循環(huán)模式進(jìn)行合成氣發(fā)電。使用凈現(xiàn)值法(簡稱NPV)建立1000t/d MSW等離子體氣化發(fā)電項目(基礎(chǔ)項目)的垃圾處理價格計算模型。參考垃圾焚燒發(fā)電廠的設(shè)備組成、投資運行成本和各收益的計算方法,對模型中的投資成本和現(xiàn)金流量(運行成本、售電收入、回收金屬、爐渣帶來的收入)進(jìn)行估算。根據(jù)MSW等離子體輔助熱解氣化發(fā)電流程,對項目的等離子體炬耗電量、制氧和廠用耗電量、發(fā)電量和上網(wǎng)電量進(jìn)行計算。當(dāng)該項目收支平衡時(NPV=0),可得到保證項目可行時的最低垃圾處理價格。另外,在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立參與清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制(簡稱CDM)活動后的MSW等離子體氣化發(fā)電項目(CDM項目)的垃圾處理價格計算模型,確定CDM的投資運行成本和碳減排量,并計算該情況下的垃圾處理價格。計算結(jié)果顯示,基礎(chǔ)項目的投資運行成本分別為91137.1萬元和113.4元/t,每噸MSW的上網(wǎng)電量達(dá)493.1kWh/t,帶來320.5元/t的售電收入和79.8元/t的回收金屬、爐渣的收入。CDM項目的投資運行成本分別為91163.7萬元和113.5元/t,碳減排量達(dá)94440.0 year/etCO2。通過垃圾處理價格計算模型,可計算出基礎(chǔ)項目的垃圾處理價格為132.4元/t,而CDM項目的垃圾處理價格為96.5元/t,因此,參與CDM活動可降低垃圾處理價格,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性。通過敏感因素分析可以知在其它因素不變的情況下,投資成本和電價對項目的垃圾處理價格影響最大。當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)項目和CDM項目的電價分別提高到0.92元/kWh和0.85元/kWh時,垃圾處理費為0元/t。本文最后結(jié)合了廣州番禺火燒崗垃圾填埋場的實際情況,設(shè)計搭建100t/d垃圾衍生燃料(簡稱RDF)等離子體氣化發(fā)電系統(tǒng),對系統(tǒng)中的主要設(shè)備進(jìn)行選擇并計算設(shè)備的耗電量和成本。100t/d RDF等離子體氣化發(fā)電項目的垃圾處理價格為126元/t,比1000t/d MSW等離子體氣化發(fā)電項目的垃圾處理價格低了6.4元/t,表明提高垃圾熱值,有利于降低垃圾處理價格。另外前者上網(wǎng)電量比后者高717.2kWh/t,因此使用RDF進(jìn)行氣化發(fā)電具有一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性和很好的發(fā)展前景。
[Abstract]:Plasma gasification technology can convert inorganic matter in MSW into a small amount of harmless cinder and convert organic matter into syngas. At the same time, the high temperature and high heat of plasma can completely decompose dioxin and furan. Tar and other harmful substances have well achieved the waste "reduction", "resources" and "innocuous". However, MSW plasma gasification has not yet been industrialized in China, and the economic feasibility analysis of MSW plasma gasification project is rare. Therefore, the economic feasibility of the 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification project is studied in this paper, and the plasma assisted pyrolysis gasification is selected as the gasification method of the research project. Gas-steam combined cycle mode is used to generate electricity from syngas. The net present value method (NPV) is used to establish a model for calculating the waste disposal price of 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification power generation project (basic project). With reference to the equipment composition of the waste incineration power plant, the calculation method of investment operation cost and each income, the investment cost and cash flow (operating cost, electricity sale income, recovery of metal, revenue from slag) in the model are estimated. According to MSW plasma-assisted pyrolysis gasification power generation process, the power consumption of plasma torch, oxygen production and power consumption, power generation and network power are calculated. When the budget of the project is in balance (NPV0), the lowest garbage disposal price can be obtained when the project is feasible. In addition, on this basis, the MSW plasma gasification power generation project (CDM project) after participating in the clean development mechanism (CDM) activities after the establishment of MSW plasma gasification power project (CDM project) waste treatment price calculation model, determine the CDM investment operating costs and carbon emission reduction. And calculate the garbage disposal price in this case. The calculation results show that the investment and operation cost of the basic project is 911.371 million yuan and 113.4 yuan / t respectively, and the net power per ton of MSW is 493.1 kWh-t / t, which brings 320.5 yuan / t of electricity sales income and 79.8 yuan / t of recovered metal. The operating cost of the project is 911.637 million yuan and 113.5 yuan / t respectively, and the carbon emission reduction is 94440.0 years / et CO _ 2. Through the calculation model of waste disposal price, we can calculate the waste disposal price of basic project is 132.4 yuan / t, and the waste disposal price of project is 96.5 yuan / t. Therefore, participating in the CDM activity can reduce the waste disposal price and improve the economic feasibility. Through the analysis of sensitive factors, we can know that the investment cost and electricity price have the greatest influence on the garbage disposal price of the project under the condition that other factors remain unchanged. When the electricity price of the basic project and CDM project increases to 0.92 yuan / kWh and 0.85 yuan / kWh respectively, the waste disposal fee is 0 yuan / t. Finally, the paper designs and builds 100t/d garbage derived fuel (RDF) plasma gasification power generation system based on the actual situation of Faozhuogang landfill in Panyu, Guangzhou. Select the main equipment in the system and calculate the power consumption and cost of the equipment. 100 t / d RDF plasma gasification power generation project garbage treatment price is 126 yuan / t, which is lower than the waste disposal price of 1000t/d MSW plasma gasification power generation project. 6.4 yuan / t, which means increasing the waste calorific value, It helps to reduce the cost of garbage disposal. In addition, the former is 717.2 kWh-t higher than the latter, so the use of RDF for gasification power generation has certain economic feasibility and good development prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM619

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 馬躍;;城市生活垃圾處理技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀與管理對策[J];民營科技;2016年01期

2 呂東方;于開錄;岳強(qiáng);;等離子體技術(shù)處理艦船固體廢棄物的進(jìn)展[J];中國艦船研究;2016年01期

3 王希;張春飛;謝斐;;垃圾等離子氣化:機(jī)遇、挑戰(zhàn)和對策[J];東方電氣評論;2014年04期

4 李時宇;胡俊強(qiáng);;輕型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)LM6000PC與重型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)PG6581B研究與對比分析[J];燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)技術(shù);2014年04期

5 王列科;Daniel Lrstad;Sven Axelsson;Mats Bjrkman;;50MW級SGT-800型西門子燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的性能驗證[J];燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)技術(shù);2014年04期

6 郝粼波;郭旭;唐書娟;;RDF技術(shù)在城市固廢處理中的應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2014年05期

7 曹小玲;陳建行;熊家佳;羅海銀;陳斌斌;鄭澤華;;等離子體氣化技術(shù)處理城市生活垃圾的研究現(xiàn)狀[J];現(xiàn)代化工;2014年09期

8 曾祥耙;;垃圾焚燒發(fā)電項目成本分析[J];環(huán)境衛(wèi)生工程;2014年03期

9 梁永煌;章衛(wèi)星;楊珂;游偉;;城市垃圾等離子氣化技術(shù)模擬研究[J];中國環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè);2014年05期

10 蔡志杰;;IGCC燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)與常規(guī)燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)的差異及相關(guān)的改造[J];發(fā)電設(shè)備;2014年02期

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 魏麗斯;杜云貴;喻江濤;熊志成;秦福初;;IGCC合成氣脫硫脫碳技術(shù)研究[A];2013年中國電機(jī)工程學(xué)會年會論文集[C];2013年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 陳坤;清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制項目可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力評價體系研究[D];哈爾濱工程大學(xué);2009年

2 曹青;生物質(zhì)常規(guī)與非常規(guī)條件下的熱解行為及升值利用研究[D];太原理工大學(xué);2005年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 古超;生物質(zhì)氣化制氫中試系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與氣化合成氣脫硫?qū)嶒瀃D];清華大學(xué);2015年

2 常建國;垃圾焚燒發(fā)電項目投資控制研究[D];華北電力大學(xué)（北京）;2011年

3 崔占忠;IGCC電站工藝系統(tǒng)設(shè)計分析與熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)研究[D];天津大學(xué);2010年

4 羅海中;城市生活垃圾焚燒發(fā)電清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制（CDM）項目開發(fā)研究[D];昆明理工大學(xué);2008年

5 陳海波;垃圾電廠投資分析研究[D];上海交通大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號：2090364