本文選題：鈣鈦礦太陽能電池 + 兩步旋涂法�。� 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：自從有機(jī)-無機(jī)雜化鈣鈦礦型鉛鹵化合物問世以來,鈣鈦礦太陽能電池(PSCs)成為光伏科技領(lǐng)域的一個重點研究課題,因為鈣鈦礦材料具有載流子遷移率高、電子激發(fā)能低以及載流子傳輸距離長等諸多優(yōu)點。在鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的結(jié)構(gòu)中,鈣鈦礦層作為器件的核心部件承擔(dān)著光吸收并產(chǎn)生電子和空穴的作用。因此,制備高質(zhì)量的鈣鈦礦薄膜是提升器件光電性能的關(guān)鍵。高質(zhì)量的鈣鈦礦薄膜應(yīng)具有覆蓋率高、致密連續(xù)以及均勻平坦的特點,這樣才可以提高吸光度,抑制電荷復(fù)合,提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。本文通過優(yōu)化鈣鈦礦薄膜的制備工藝,控制鈣鈦礦晶粒的結(jié)晶與生長以及調(diào)整鈣鈦礦材料的能帶結(jié)構(gòu),從而改善了鈣鈦礦薄膜的表面形貌及結(jié)晶性并提升了鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電性能。主要的研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果如下:1.作者將預(yù)旋涂CH3NH3I異丙醇溶液的工藝應(yīng)用于兩步旋涂法中制備鈣鈦礦薄膜。XRD、SEM以及UV-Vis等測試手段表明,預(yù)旋涂15 mg/m L的CH3NH3I的異丙醇溶液的制備工藝能夠獲得高質(zhì)量的CH3NH3PbI3薄膜。在此基礎(chǔ)上制備介孔結(jié)構(gòu)的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,該工藝將電池的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率由原始的9.24%提升至12.4%。2.作者將高沸點溶劑引入到CH3NH3I異丙醇溶液中,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)添加正丁醇溶劑可以有效地提升鈣鈦礦太陽能電池的光電性能,其原因在于摻入適量的正丁醇溶劑可以增強(qiáng)CH3NH3PbI3晶粒的結(jié)晶性,改善鈣鈦礦薄膜的表面形貌并促進(jìn)鈣鈦礦薄膜對光的吸收。在摻入2%正丁醇的條件下獲得了光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率高達(dá)14.64%的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池。3.為了改善鈣鈦礦薄膜的表面形貌并促進(jìn)鈣鈦礦薄膜對光的吸收,作者將甲脒離子(HC(NH2)2+,FA+)引入到CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)中,制備出混合有機(jī)陽離子的(MA)1-x(FA)xPb I3(x=0-1)鈣鈦礦型薄膜。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)FA+可以改變鈣鈦礦的晶格參數(shù),降低鈣鈦礦的能帶隙,因而可以吸收更多的可見光及近紅外光。此外,將(MA)0.875(FA)0.125PbI3鈣鈦礦薄膜應(yīng)用于介孔結(jié)構(gòu)的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池中獲得了高達(dá)18.63 mA/cm2的短路電流密度以及13.44%的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率。本研究成功制備出多種高質(zhì)量的鈣鈦礦薄膜,為組裝高性能的鈣鈦礦太陽能電池在鈣鈦礦薄膜的工藝制備、形貌改善及新材料探索方面提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Since the advent of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite-type lead halides, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become an important research topic in the field of photovoltaic science and technology, because perovskite materials have high carrier mobility. The electron excitation energy is low and the carrier transport distance is long. In the structure of perovskite solar cells, perovskite layer acts as the core component of the device to absorb light and produce electrons and holes. Therefore, the preparation of high-quality perovskite films is the key to improve the optoelectronic properties of the devices. The high quality perovskite film should have the characteristics of high coverage, compact continuity and even flatness, so as to increase the absorbance, suppress the charge recombination and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. By optimizing the preparation process of perovskite films, the crystallization and growth of perovskite grains and the adjustment of the energy band structure of perovskite materials are controlled. Thus, the surface morphology and crystallinity of perovskite thin films are improved, and the optoelectronic properties of perovskite solar cells are improved. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. The prespin coating process of Ch _ 3NH _ 3i isopropanol solution has been applied to the preparation of perovskite thin films by two-step spin-coating method. The results of UV-Vis show that the preparation of Ch _ 3NH _ 3i isopropanol solution with prespin coating of 15 mg/m L can obtain high quality Ch _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ 3 thin films. On this basis, mesoporous perovskite solar cells were prepared. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the cells was increased from 9.24% to 12.44.2%. The high boiling point solvent was introduced into Ch _ 3NH _ 3i isopropanol solution. It was found that adding n-butanol solvent could effectively improve the photoelectric performance of perovskite solar cells. The reason is that adding proper amount of n-butanol solvent can enhance the crystallinity of Ch _ 3NH _ 3PbI _ 3, improve the surface morphology of perovskite film and promote the absorption of light of perovskite film. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells with 2% n-butanol was obtained as high as 14.64%. In order to improve the surface morphology of perovskite thin films and promote the photoabsorption of perovskite films, the (MA) 1-x (FA) xPb I3 (x0-1) perovskite films with mixed organic cations were prepared by introducing formamidine ion (HC (NH2) 2 + FA) into the crystal structure of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3). It is found that FA can change the lattice parameters of perovskite and reduce the band gap of perovskite so that it can absorb more visible and near-infrared light. In addition, the (MA) 0.875 (FA) 0.125PbI3 perovskite thin film was used in mesoporous perovskite solar cells to obtain short circuit current density of 18.63 mA/cm2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 13.44%. In this paper, a variety of high quality perovskite thin films have been successfully prepared, which provides a new idea for the preparation of perovskite thin films, the improvement of morphology and the exploration of new materials for assembling high performance perovskite solar cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM914.4

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本文編號：2066662