本文選題：分布式IED + 廣域后備保護��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,伴隨著電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,電網(wǎng)智能化水平在不斷提高,新型發(fā)電能源如風(fēng)能、太陽能等清潔能源發(fā)電量占比明顯提升,同時分布式單元的大量接入,都使得未來電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展將形成骨干電網(wǎng)與地方電網(wǎng)及微電網(wǎng)相結(jié)合的第三代智能電網(wǎng),電網(wǎng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)將從整體上更加松散,新生連結(jié)點的平均路徑將變大,傳統(tǒng)的繼電保護系統(tǒng)難以滿足新型電網(wǎng)的保護需要,繼電保護系統(tǒng)的更新?lián)Q代勢在必行。廣域保護技術(shù)的提出和發(fā)展提供了新的契機。通過建立廣域通信平臺,獲知系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的多點信息,實現(xiàn)對故障進行快速的定位和隔離,特別適合應(yīng)用于對決策響應(yīng)時限要求不太高的后備保護系統(tǒng)。但是廣域后備保護系統(tǒng)的大量相關(guān)研究中,并沒有跳出針對系統(tǒng)元件設(shè)立保護裝置的視角,未能從根本上解決保護配合復(fù)雜、保護裝置難以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的問題。分布式系統(tǒng)作為廣域保護研究的重要組成部分,在很多研究方向上存在尚未形成統(tǒng)一的討論范式。綜上,本文從分布式的角度,提出了用廣域手段設(shè)計保護配置方案的解決思路,建立以斷路器IED為保護系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu)和功能單元的分布式系統(tǒng)架構(gòu),定義了其基本工作方式和故障保護策略。該系統(tǒng)中,保護配置的對象從原來的系統(tǒng)元件轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄到y(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)的故障,保護裝置的配合對象也從原來的元件保護裝置轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐欢ǚ秶鷥?nèi)的IED智能裝置。借此,斷路器IED能夠知曉確切的故障位置,從而簡化了保護的配合方式,提高了保護動作的快速性和選擇性,也重新定義了系統(tǒng)的后備保護功能,真正實現(xiàn)了分布式測量、決策和執(zhí)行的分布式后備保護功能。提出了以IED為基礎(chǔ)的保護范圍劃分原則。明確系統(tǒng)中IED的配合原則,實現(xiàn)以IED為配合對象的新型近后備、遠后備保護功能,不同系統(tǒng)位置的斷路器IED,能夠在各種故障情形中明確自身的近后備、遠后備保護配合對象。針對不同保護范圍的重疊情形,該原則進行了相應(yīng)的制定和說明,且充分考慮到了某IED拒動后的保護處理原則。在不同系統(tǒng)運行方式下,以及系統(tǒng)元件之間的不同連接狀態(tài),分析了劃分原則的適應(yīng)性,得到了可靠性高、選擇性強的結(jié)論。該劃分過程簡單,較傳統(tǒng)的劃分方法有一定的優(yōu)越性體現(xiàn)。提出了以三種保護結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)的保護配置方案。首先,提出了以故障方向縱聯(lián)比較為基礎(chǔ)的廣域保護原理。該原理通過規(guī)定不同結(jié)構(gòu)中的IED正方向,對方向判斷結(jié)果進行賦值,實現(xiàn)IED之間通過信息交換達到故障定位的目的。判斷信息構(gòu)成簡單,獲取方便,對通信系統(tǒng)的壓力較小,能夠保證對故障的準(zhǔn)確定位。以此為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合保護范圍劃分原則,對系統(tǒng)中的IED類型進行分類,提出了"線路—母線"、"線路—變壓器"和"母線—變壓器"三種保護結(jié)構(gòu),并對三種保護結(jié)構(gòu)中的故障處理過程進行了分析和說明。該方法簡化了保護單元的配合方式,克服了以整定值為后備保護基礎(chǔ)的固有缺陷,實現(xiàn)了保護裝置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,為系統(tǒng)元件提供了更加綜合化的后備保護功能。最后,通過系統(tǒng)模擬算例的分析,印證了該實現(xiàn)方案的有效性和準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of the power grid, the intelligent level of the power grid is increasing continuously. The new generation of power generation energy, such as wind energy, solar energy and so on, has been greatly improved. At the same time, the large number of access of the distributed unit makes the development of the future power grid will form the third generation of smart electricity, which combines the backbone power grid with the local power grid and the micro grid. The network topology will be more loose from the whole, the average path of the new connecting points will become larger. The traditional relay protection system is difficult to meet the protection needs of the new type of power grid. The renewal and replacement of the relay protection system is imperative. The development and development of the wide area protection technology provide a new opportunity. The multi-point information in the system can locate and isolate the fault quickly, and it is especially suitable for the backup protection system which is not very high in the time limit of decision response. However, in the extensive related research of the wide area backup protection system, it does not jump out of the view of setting up the protection device for the system components, and can not solve the protection match fundamentally. As an important part of wide area protection research, distributed system is an important part of wide area protection research. In many research directions, there is not a unified discussion paradigm in many research directions. In this paper, from a distributed perspective, this paper puts forward a solution for the design of protection configuration with wide area means, which is based on a circuit breaker IED. The basic structure and the distributed system architecture of the basic structure and function unit of the protection system, the basic work mode and the fault protection strategy are defined. In this system, the object of the protection configuration is changed from the original system component to the fault in the system, and the matching object of the protection device is also changed from the original component protection to a certain range of IED intelligence. In this way, the circuit breaker IED can know the exact location of the fault, thus simplifies the mode of protection, improves the speed and selectivity of the protection action, redefines the backup protection function of the system, and realizes the distributed backup protection function of distributed measurement, decision and execution. The IED based protection is put forward. The principle of protection range division. To clarify the coordination principle of IED in the system, to realize the new near back-up, remote backup protection function with IED as the matching object, the circuit breaker IED of different system position, can clear its own near backup, remote backup protection coordination object in all kinds of fault situations. The principle is carried out on the overlapping of different protection range. According to the corresponding formulation and explanation, the principle of protection and treatment of a certain IED is fully taken into account. Under different operating modes of the system and the different connection states between the components of the system, the adaptability of the partition principle is analyzed, and the conclusion of high reliability and selectivity is obtained. The division process is simple and better than the traditional method of division. The protection configuration scheme based on three protective structures is proposed. First, a wide area protection principle based on the longitudinal comparison of the fault direction is proposed. This principle assigns the direction judgment result through the regulation of the positive direction of IED in different structures, and realizes the purpose of achieving the fault location between IED through information exchange. The broken information is simple, easy to obtain, less pressure on the communication system, and can guarantee the accurate location of the fault. Based on this, the IED types in the system are classified according to the principle of protection range division, and three protective structures of "line bus", "line transformer" and "bus transformer" are put forward, and three kinds of protection junctions are also given. The process of fault treatment in the structure is analyzed and explained. This method simplifies the coordination mode of the protection unit, overcomes the inherent defects of the setting value as the backup protection foundation, realizes the standardization of the protection device, and provides a more comprehensive backup protection work for the system components. Finally, the analysis of the system simulation example is confirmed. The effectiveness and accuracy of the implementation of this scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM77

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