本文選題：GIS + 金屬顆粒　； 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：金屬顆粒是GIS中最常見的缺陷,且顆粒在GIS內(nèi)部自由運(yùn)動是GIS的一個重大安全隱患,不僅是因?yàn)轭w粒可以運(yùn)動到高電場區(qū)域內(nèi)或附著在絕緣子上,而且在運(yùn)動過程中,顆�？赡軐﹄姌O產(chǎn)生微弱的放電,該放電可能引起絕緣的完全擊穿。為提高GIS內(nèi)金屬顆粒檢測的有效性,減少金屬顆粒的危害,針對金屬顆粒已進(jìn)行了相對較多研究,目前的研究主要集中在單一顆粒在典型平板下的運(yùn)動規(guī)律及局部放電現(xiàn)象,而缺少在運(yùn)行電壓下實(shí)際GIS同軸結(jié)構(gòu)中的金屬顆粒運(yùn)動行為及放電特征的研究,現(xiàn)有的研究成果難以滿足實(shí)際工程的應(yīng)用。為此,本文研究了運(yùn)行電壓下實(shí)際GIS中不同類型金屬顆粒的運(yùn)動行為、局部放電及危害程度。為了研究顆粒的形狀(片狀顆粒、線形顆粒、球形顆粒、金屬粉塵)、尺寸對顆粒運(yùn)動行為的影響,本文基于不同形狀、尺寸金屬顆粒的帶電量以及顆粒所受的庫侖力的計(jì)算,獲得了顆粒形狀、尺寸對顆粒帶電量和所受庫侖力的影響規(guī)律,提出了在運(yùn)行電壓下不同類型金屬顆粒起始跳動的條件,并通過試驗(yàn)研究了不同類型金屬顆粒的運(yùn)動行為。GIS運(yùn)行電壓下平躺的線性顆粒起始跳動條件:鋁材質(zhì)的線形顆粒半徑小于0.139mm、銅材質(zhì)的線形顆粒半徑小于0.044mm、銀材質(zhì)的線形顆粒半徑小于0.036mm。GIS運(yùn)行電壓下平躺的片狀顆粒起始跳動條件:鋁材質(zhì)的片狀顆粒厚度小于0.069mm、銅材質(zhì)的片狀顆粒厚度小于0.022mm、銀材質(zhì)的片狀顆粒厚度小于0.018mm。GIS運(yùn)行電壓下球形顆粒起始跳動條件:鋁材質(zhì)的球形顆粒半徑小于0.175mm、銅材質(zhì)的球形顆粒半徑小于0.052mm、銀材質(zhì)的球形顆粒半徑小于0.044mm。金屬顆粒的運(yùn)動行為主要有4種運(yùn)動狀態(tài):靜止站立、小幅度跳動、大幅度跳動以及貫穿性跳動。其中片狀顆粒和線形顆粒在電場梯度力的作用下向電場較強(qiáng)的屏蔽環(huán)處運(yùn)動,當(dāng)金屬顆粒運(yùn)動速度較慢且靠近絕緣子時(shí),會靜止的附著在絕緣子上,而球形顆粒/金屬粉塵則傾向于向電場較弱的區(qū)域運(yùn)動而難以附著在絕緣子上。為了研究顆粒的數(shù)量對金屬顆粒運(yùn)動行為的影響,本文試驗(yàn)研究了高壓母線下不同數(shù)量的金屬顆粒的運(yùn)動行為,獲得了顆粒數(shù)量對不同形狀金屬顆粒起舉電壓的影響規(guī)律。線形顆粒的存在會造成電場的畸變,使得相鄰線形顆粒在相對較低的電壓下起舉站立,隨著相鄰線形顆粒數(shù)量的增加,線形顆粒的起舉電壓呈下降趨勢,而顆粒的數(shù)量對球形顆粒的起舉電壓則幾乎無影響。為了研究顆粒端部曲率半徑的大小對顆粒運(yùn)動行為的影響,本文對比分析了不同尖端曲率半徑的線形顆粒的運(yùn)動行為,并揭示了顆粒端部對顆粒運(yùn)動行為產(chǎn)生影響的原因。端部無電暈金屬顆粒隨著外施電壓的升高,其運(yùn)動行為主要經(jīng)歷4種運(yùn)動狀態(tài):靜止站立、小幅度跳動、大幅度跳動以及貫穿性跳動。而端部有電暈金屬顆粒,在起舉電壓下,曲率半徑較小端部率先站立,隨著外施電壓的升高,金屬顆粒仍進(jìn)行小幅度跳動,不會出現(xiàn)大幅度跳動或貫穿性跳動,但顆粒端部旋轉(zhuǎn)擺動幅度變大。研究了沖擊外力對金屬顆粒運(yùn)動行為的影響,揭示了斷路器等開關(guān)動作引起GIS腔體的振動對顆粒運(yùn)動行為產(chǎn)生影響的原因。在沖擊振動的作用下,線形顆粒出現(xiàn)一端向上偏轉(zhuǎn),另一端與地電極接觸的狀態(tài),導(dǎo)致線形顆粒帶電量急劇增加,線形顆粒在庫侖力的作用下一直向上偏轉(zhuǎn),直至顆粒垂直站立,沖擊外力的作用使得無害顆粒變?yōu)橛泻︻w粒。以不同類型金屬顆粒的運(yùn)動行為為基礎(chǔ),獲得了不同運(yùn)動狀態(tài)下金屬顆粒的局部放電特征,建立了金屬顆粒運(yùn)動行為與局部放電的關(guān)系。在運(yùn)行電壓下不同類型金屬顆粒的帶電量的不同、跳動速度、跳動頻率、跳動高度的差別造成顆粒放電量、放電脈沖簇寬度、放電脈沖個數(shù)的差異,金屬顆粒的數(shù)量會造成半個工頻周期內(nèi)最大超聲個數(shù)的差異,顆粒端部的曲率半徑會造成放電脈沖信號相位相關(guān)性的差異。通過以上放電特征的分析可以判斷出不同類型顆粒的運(yùn)動行為。研究了不同類型金屬顆粒(不同形狀、不同數(shù)量、不同尺寸)運(yùn)動到GIS腔體不同位置(高壓母線、屏蔽環(huán)、絕緣子)時(shí)的擊穿,獲得了運(yùn)行電壓下有害顆粒的類型。研究結(jié)果表明:金屬顆粒的貫穿性跳動與否和顆粒引發(fā)GIS的擊穿沒有必然的關(guān)系,在高壓母線及屏蔽環(huán)下的單個線形顆粒和片狀顆粒的自由跳動對GIS的危害性相對較小,而當(dāng)線形顆粒和片狀顆粒較多時(shí),其危害性大大增加。當(dāng)線形/片狀顆粒附著在絕緣子上時(shí),顆粒的沿面放電引起了絕緣子的劣化,對GIS的危害性較大。而在運(yùn)行電壓下由于自由運(yùn)動的金屬粉塵和球形顆粒向遠(yuǎn)離絕緣子處的電場較弱區(qū)域聚集,因此數(shù)量較少的金屬粉塵和球形顆粒對GIS絕緣危害性較小(電壓升至運(yùn)行電壓的兩倍仍未擊穿)。建立了金屬顆粒運(yùn)動行為、局部放電和危害程度間的關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)通過局部放電獲得金屬顆粒形狀、尺寸、數(shù)量的估算,提出了金屬顆粒危害程度的診斷方法。
[Abstract]:Metal particles are the most common defects in GIS, and the free movement of particles in GIS is a major safety hazard of GIS, not only because the particles can move into the high electric field area or attach to the insulators, but in the process of motion, the particles may have a weak discharge to the electrode. This discharge may cause the complete breakdown of the insulation. In order to improve the effectiveness of metal particle detection in GIS and reduce the harm of metal particles, relatively more researches have been carried out on metal particles. The current research mainly focuses on the motion laws and partial discharge phenomena of single particles under the typical flat plate, but lack of the movement behavior of metal particles in the actual GIS coaxial structure under the operating voltage. In this paper, the motion behavior, partial discharge and damage degree of different types of metal particles in actual GIS under operating voltage are studied. In order to study the shape of particles (flaky particles, linear particles, spherical particles, metal dust), the size of particle motion to particle motion is studied. The influence of behavior is based on the calculation of the charge quantity of metal particles and the Coulomb force of particles in different shapes and sizes. The influence of particle shape and size on the charge quantity and Coulomb force of the particles is obtained. The conditions for the starting jump of different types of metal particles under the operating voltage are proposed, and the different classes are studied by experiments. The moving behavior of the metal particles is the starting runout condition of the linear particles lying flat under the operating voltage of.GIS: the linear particle radius of the aluminum material is less than 0.139mm, the linear particle radius of the copper material is less than 0.044mm, and the linear particle radius of the silver material is less than that of the flaky particles lying on the flat surface of the 0.036mm.GIS under the operating voltage of the aluminum. The thickness of the particle is less than 0.069mm and the thickness of the sheet particle of copper is less than 0.022mm. The thickness of the sheet particle of the silver material is less than the starting condition of the spherical particles under the operating voltage of 0.018mm.GIS: the radius of the spherical particles of the aluminum material is less than that of 0.175mm, the radius of the spherical particle of the copper material is less than 0.052mm, and the radius of the spherical particle of the silver is less than that of 0.044mm. gold. The motion behavior of the particle is mainly 4 kinds of motion states: static standing, small jump, large beat, and penetration. In which the flake particles and linear particles move to the stronger shielding ring under the action of the electric field gradient force. When the velocity of the metal particles is slow and close to the insulation, it will adhere to the insulation. In order to study the influence of the number of particles on the movement of metal particles, the motion behavior of different quantities of metal particles under high pressure bus is studied in this paper, and the number of particles on different shapes of metal particles is obtained. The influence of the lifting voltage. The existence of the linear particles will cause the distortion of the electric field, which makes the adjacent linear particles stand up at a relatively low voltage. With the increase of the number of adjacent linear particles, the lifting voltage of the linear particles is decreasing, but the number of particles has little effect on the lifting voltage of the spheroidal particles. The effect of the radius of the curvature of the end of the particle on the motion of the particles is investigated. The motion behavior of the linear particles with different radius of curvature of the tip is compared and analyzed, and the cause of the effect of the end of the particle on the motion of the particles is revealed. With the increase of the external application voltage, the motion behavior of the end is mainly 4 kinds of transport behavior. Dynamic state: static standing, small amplitude beating, large beat and penetration. At the end, there are corona metal particles. At the lifting voltage, the end of the smaller curvature radius is the first to stand. With the increase of the external application voltage, the metal particles still have a small jump, which will not jump out of a large amplitude or run through the runout, but the end of the particle rotates. The effect of the impact force on the movement of metal particles is studied. The cause of the effect of the vibration of the GIS cavity on the motion of the particles caused by the switch action of the circuit breaker is revealed. The linear particle appears to be deflected upward and the other end contact with the ground electrode under the impact of the shock vibration. The quantity of electricity increases sharply, and the linear particles have been deflected upward under the action of Coulomb force until the particles stand vertically. The effect of the impact force makes the harmless particles become harmful particles. Based on the movement behavior of different types of metal particles, the partial discharge characteristics of metal particles in different state of motion are obtained, and the metal particle transport is established. The relationship between the dynamic behavior and the partial discharge. The difference in the charge quantity of different types of metal particles at the operating voltage, the difference in the pulsation speed, the beat frequency and the jump height causes the discharge of the particles, the width of the discharge pulse cluster, the difference of the number of discharge pulses, the number of metal particles will cause the difference of the maximum ultrasonic number in the half frequency period. The curvature radius of the grain end will cause the difference in phase correlation of the discharge pulse signal. Through the analysis of the above discharge characteristics, the motion behavior of different types of particles can be judged. The movement of different types of metal particles (different shapes, different numbers, different sizes) to the different positions of the GIS cavity (high pressure bus, shielding ring, insulators) The results show that the penetration of the metal particles is not necessarily related to the breakdown of the particles caused by the GIS, and the free beating of the single linear particles and flake particles under the high pressure bus and the shielding ring is relatively less harmful to the GIS, while the linear particles and the flakes are flake. When there are more particles, its harmfulness is greatly increased. When the linear / flake particles are attached to insulators, the discharge of the particles along the surface causes the deterioration of the insulators, which is more harmful to the GIS. The metal dust and spherical particles insulation less harmful to GIS (two times not to the breakdown voltage of the operating voltage) was established. The movement behavior of metal particles, the relationship between partial discharge and harm degree of the realization of metal particle shape, partial discharge through the estimation of the number, size, proposes the diagnosis method of metal particle damage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM595

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