本文選題：垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī) + 兆瓦級(jí)�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為大型垂直軸風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)的重要組成部分,傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)對(duì)整個(gè)風(fēng)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行和安全起著至關(guān)重要的作用。目前市場(chǎng)上大功率垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)所占份額很少,對(duì)于大功率垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)尚無(wú)固定的設(shè)計(jì)體系,而且多數(shù)垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)無(wú)變槳系統(tǒng),隨之而來(lái)的問(wèn)題是所需的機(jī)械制動(dòng)力矩很大。為解決此問(wèn)題,本文將對(duì)兆瓦級(jí)垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)及制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。為了解決兆瓦級(jí)垂直軸風(fēng)力機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的困難,對(duì)比了多種風(fēng)力機(jī)傳動(dòng)方案,確定了一種最優(yōu)傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)方案:整機(jī)為半直驅(qū)傳動(dòng)形式,將增速器、發(fā)電機(jī)等置于地面附近安裝布置;軸承方案采用三級(jí)軸承支承,主軸承(Ⅰ級(jí)軸承)為轉(zhuǎn)盤軸承,上導(dǎo)軸承(Ⅱ級(jí)軸承)為調(diào)心滾子軸承,下導(dǎo)軸承(Ⅲ級(jí)軸承)為推力調(diào)心滾子軸承,上導(dǎo)軸承和下導(dǎo)軸承均采用剖分式軸承。為了獲得風(fēng)力機(jī)在不同工況下的載荷,采用Fluent數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)風(fēng)輪進(jìn)行了氣動(dòng)特性的計(jì)算,并根據(jù)載荷確定了傳動(dòng)軸各段軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸。為使軸系結(jié)構(gòu)滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,對(duì)其進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核、疲勞分析和模態(tài)分析。為了解決大功率風(fēng)力機(jī)制動(dòng)可靠的問(wèn)題,建立了制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)模型,對(duì)安裝在不同位置的制動(dòng)器進(jìn)行了受力分析。針對(duì)不同的制動(dòng)工況,對(duì)機(jī)械制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方案進(jìn)行了制動(dòng)力矩及制動(dòng)時(shí)間等相關(guān)計(jì)算,確定了高速軸+低速軸兩級(jí)制動(dòng)方案,并利用ANSYS軟件對(duì)制動(dòng)器摩擦副進(jìn)行了溫度場(chǎng)及應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的分析。采用等時(shí)間間隔的循環(huán)加載熱流密度的方法,分別對(duì)額定風(fēng)速下正常制動(dòng)工況和棄風(fēng)風(fēng)速下緊急制動(dòng)工況時(shí)低速軸和高速軸的摩擦副溫度場(chǎng)進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算。結(jié)果表明,制動(dòng)盤溫度分布不均勻,高溫區(qū)主要集中在摩擦接觸表面。制動(dòng)襯片溫度相較制動(dòng)盤高出很多,表面溫度分布較均勻。兩種工況下制動(dòng)盤和制動(dòng)襯片溫度分布相似,緊急工況溫度相對(duì)較高。對(duì)制動(dòng)器分別進(jìn)行了純機(jī)械應(yīng)力分析和熱應(yīng)力分析。通過(guò)應(yīng)力場(chǎng)分析,可以判斷制動(dòng)盤是否會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱裂紋或者失效,為制動(dòng)盤的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。研究表明,由溫升引起的熱應(yīng)力對(duì)制動(dòng)器的應(yīng)力場(chǎng)占主導(dǎo)作用,且高應(yīng)力區(qū)主要集中在摩擦區(qū)域。
[Abstract]:As an important part of the large vertical axis wind turbine, the transmission and braking systems play an important role in the operation and safety of the whole wind turbine. At present, the large power vertical axis wind turbines have little share in the market, and there is no fixed design system for the transmission system of the high-power vertical axis wind turbines. In order to solve this problem, the transmission system and braking system of megawatt vertical axis wind turbines are studied in this paper. In order to solve the difficulties of the transmission system of MW vertical axis wind turbines, a variety of wind turbine transmission schemes are compared. An optimal drive structure scheme is established: the whole machine is a semi straight drive drive, and the speed increase device and generator are installed near the ground; the bearing scheme is supported by three stages bearing, the main bearing (grade I bearing) is a rotating disk bearing, the guide bearing (second grade bearing) is a roller bearing and the lower guide bearing (grade III bearing) is a thrust roller. The bearing, the upper guide bearing and the lower guide bearing all adopt split bearing. In order to obtain the load of the wind turbine under different working conditions, the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind wheel are calculated by the Fluent numerical simulation method, and the structure size of the shaft of the drive shaft is determined according to the load, so that the axial structure meets the design requirements and carries out the strength. Check, fatigue analysis and modal analysis. In order to solve the problem of high power wind turbine braking reliability, the brake system model is established, and the force analysis is carried out on the brake installed in different positions. According to the different braking conditions, the braking torque and the braking time are calculated for the scheme of the mechanical brake system, and the high speed is determined. The temperature field and stress field of the brake friction pair are analyzed with the two stage braking scheme of shaft + low speed shaft, and the ANSYS software is used to analyze the temperature field and stress field of the brake friction pair. The results show that the temperature distribution of the brake disc is not uniform, the high temperature area is mainly concentrated on the friction contact surface. The temperature of the brake lining is much higher than the brake disc, and the surface temperature distribution is more uniform. The temperature distribution of the brake disc and the brake lining is similar in the two working conditions, and the emergency temperature is relatively high. The mechanical stress analysis and thermal stress analysis. Through the stress field analysis, it can be used to determine whether the brake disc will produce hot cracks or failure, and provide reference for the improved design of the brake disc. The research shows that the thermal stress caused by the temperature rise is dominant to the stress field of the brake, and the high stress zone is mainly concentrated in the friction area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM315

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