本文選題：主動配電網(wǎng) + 狀態(tài)估計　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：分布式電源(distributed generations,DG)的大量接入,將逐漸改變傳統(tǒng)配電網(wǎng)的形態(tài)。主動配電網(wǎng)具有良好的配電自動化水平,可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)重構(gòu),實現(xiàn)配電網(wǎng)的靈活、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全運(yùn)行。主動配電網(wǎng)(active distribution network,ADN)將成為未來配電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展趨勢。ADN的主動性要求實時感知系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài),配電網(wǎng)狀態(tài)估計(distribution system state estimation,DSSE)是獲得系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)信息的重要途徑。然而,當(dāng)前配電網(wǎng)中實時量測數(shù)量不足,需要添加大量偽量測實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的可觀測性。但偽量測的誤差較大,為保證狀態(tài)估計的精度,需合理地進(jìn)行量測配置。研究適用于ADN的狀態(tài)估計及量測配置方法對保證系統(tǒng)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行具有重要的理論意義與實用價值。本文圍繞ADN的狀態(tài)估計及量測配置問題展開研究,主要工作如下:(1)提出考慮DG影響的ADN狀態(tài)估計方法。以高斯混合模型(gaussian mixture model,GMM)模擬未配置實時量測DG出力的概率密度分布(probability density function,pdf),GMM的各個參數(shù)由最大期望算法(expectation maximization algorithm,EM)估計得到。在狀態(tài)估計中,將DG的出力當(dāng)作偽量測,為表征DG出力的不確定性,其數(shù)值為服從GMM的隨機(jī)變量,對應(yīng)的權(quán)重為GMM方差的倒數(shù)。另外,為反映鄰近DG間出力的相關(guān)性對狀態(tài)估計的影響,采用多維GMM同時模擬多個DG的出力,并以GMM協(xié)方差矩陣的非對角元素作為量測誤差協(xié)方差矩陣的非對角元素。(2)理論證明量測系統(tǒng)的飽和量測特性,提出飽和量測數(shù)量的概念。針對非線性測量方程分析了系統(tǒng)估計精度與量測數(shù)量的關(guān)系,利用Sherman-Morrison公式和子模特性從理論上推導(dǎo)出量測系統(tǒng)具有飽和量測特性。根據(jù)飽和量測特性,定義了飽和量測數(shù)量,為量測數(shù)量的選擇提供了依據(jù),對配電系統(tǒng)量測配置的建設(shè)投資給出指導(dǎo)性方案,避免了盲目安裝大量量測裝置所造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)浪費(fèi),具有實際意義。(3)以飽和量測數(shù)量為約束,建立了兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)性和多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)估計精度的魯棒量測配置模型。該模型考慮了正常、環(huán)網(wǎng)、優(yōu)化重構(gòu)及故障重構(gòu)四種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的估計精度,提高了量測配置的魯棒性。經(jīng)濟(jì)性、估計精度及不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)對量測配置的影響權(quán)重由層次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)確定。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用啟發(fā)式算法進(jìn)行配置。仿真結(jié)果表明所建模型可兼顧多種網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的估計精度,同時能夠較好地協(xié)調(diào)配置經(jīng)濟(jì)性與估計精度的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The large number of distributed generation DGs will gradually change the form of traditional distribution network. The active distribution network has a good level of distribution automation and can be operated flexibly, economically and safely through network reconfiguration. Active distribution Network (ADN) will become the development trend of distribution network in the future. The active requirement of ADN is real-time perception of system running state. Distribution system state estimation is an important way to obtain system running state information. However, the quantity of real-time measurement in distribution network is insufficient, so it is necessary to add a large number of pseudo-measurements to realize the observability of the system. However, the error of pseudo-measurement is large, so to ensure the accuracy of state estimation, the measurement configuration should be reasonably carried out. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the state estimation and measurement configuration method suitable for ADN to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. In this paper, the state estimation and measurement configuration of ADN are studied. The main work is as follows: 1) A ADN state estimation method considering the influence of DG is proposed. The probability density distribution (PDD) of unconfigured real time DG force measurement is simulated with Gao Si mixed model / GMMs. The parameters of the probability density distribution (PDC) are estimated by the maximum expectation maximization algorithm (EM). In the state estimation, the output force of DG is regarded as a pseudo measure, and to represent the uncertainty of the output of DG, its value is a random variable from GMM, and the corresponding weight is the reciprocal of GMM variance. In addition, in order to reflect the effect of the correlation between the output forces of adjacent DGs on the state estimation, multi-dimensional GMM is used to simulate the output forces of several DGs simultaneously. Using the non-diagonal elements of the GMM covariance matrix as the non-diagonal elements of the measurement error covariance matrix, the saturated measurement characteristics of the measurement system are proved by using the theory of the non-diagonal elements of the measurement covariance matrix, and the concept of saturated measurement quantity is put forward. Based on the nonlinear measurement equation, the relationship between the system estimation accuracy and the measurement quantity is analyzed. By using the Sherman-Morrison formula and the submodel, the saturated measurement characteristics of the measurement system are deduced theoretically. According to the characteristic of saturation measurement, the quantity of saturated measurement is defined, which provides the basis for the selection of measurement quantity, and provides a guiding scheme for the construction investment of measurement configuration of distribution system, thus avoiding the economic waste caused by blindly installing a large number of measuring devices. With the restriction of saturated measurement quantity, a robust measurement configuration model with both economic and network structure estimation accuracy is established. In this model, the estimation accuracy of normal, loop, optimal reconfiguration and fault reconfiguration is considered, and the robustness of measurement configuration is improved. The economic efficiency, estimation accuracy and the influence of different network structure on the measurement configuration are determined by Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). On this basis, heuristic algorithm is used for configuration. The simulation results show that the proposed model can take into account the estimation accuracy of various network structures, and the relationship between configuration economy and estimation accuracy can be well coordinated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727;TM76

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