本文選題：變速恒頻 + 風電機組　； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：由于能源短缺和環(huán)境問題的日益嚴重,可再生能源的開發(fā)利用受到世界各國的廣泛關(guān)注。隨著可再生能源技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,風力發(fā)電技術(shù)日趨成熟,風電機組裝機總量不斷增加。傳統(tǒng)的變速恒頻風電機組需要使用變頻器才能并網(wǎng)發(fā)電,存在齒輪箱故障率高、變頻技術(shù)復(fù)雜等問題。由于單機容量的不斷增大,其可靠性降低,平均故障維修時間增長;又由于故障增多,機組安裝維護成本不斷增加。傳統(tǒng)的變速恒頻風電機組制造、安裝及運營維護已經(jīng)遇到了瓶頸。為避免變頻器給變速恒頻風電機組帶來的不利因素,滿足日益嚴格的風電機組并網(wǎng)要求,提高風電機組的可靠性并延長其使用壽命,已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了基于液力調(diào)速技術(shù)的變速恒頻風電機組。風電機組液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)通過自動調(diào)節(jié)可調(diào)導(dǎo)輪葉片實現(xiàn)同步發(fā)電機恒轉(zhuǎn)速運行,保證機組發(fā)電頻率恒定,直接產(chǎn)生高質(zhì)量的電能。其中導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器在整個傳動鏈中起控制和阻尼作用,能夠減小系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)矩波動,抑制傳動系統(tǒng)的沖擊載荷。液力調(diào)速風電機組具有體積小、重量輕、成本低、可靠性高等優(yōu)勢。本文依托教育部高等學校博士學科點專項基金“風電機組導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)液力機械調(diào)速系統(tǒng)研究”(20100061120057),深入研究了變速恒頻風電機組中的液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng),主要研究工作和相關(guān)結(jié)論如下。1.導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器是風電液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)變速恒頻的核心控制元件。為研究導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器的內(nèi)特性,設(shè)計并制作了透明導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器。采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)方法,分析了不同開度下導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器的內(nèi)部流動規(guī)律,并進行了粒子跟蹤測速(Particle Tracking Velocimetry)試驗,驗證了CFD仿真結(jié)果的準確性和精度。通過CFD計算得到了導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器的內(nèi)特性、外特性和導(dǎo)葉調(diào)節(jié)特性,為導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器作為控制元件應(yīng)用于液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。2.對實現(xiàn)風電機組變速恒頻功能的風電液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)進行研究。根據(jù)液力調(diào)速裝置的轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)矩方程,得到其整體傳動效率以及導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器傳遞功率占液力調(diào)速裝置輸入功率的比例。以導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器的泵輪輸入功率與液力調(diào)速裝置的輸入功率比值小于30%為目標,設(shè)計了循環(huán)圓有效直徑D=425mm的導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器;根據(jù)其CFD數(shù)值仿真結(jié)果,得到了其不同開度下的原始特性,建立了導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器的數(shù)學模型。考慮到樣機的制造成本,設(shè)計了行星排參數(shù)1?=2、2?=5和變矩器循環(huán)圓有效直徑D=425mm的300k W風電液力調(diào)速功能樣機。3.相似放大相同原始特性的循環(huán)圓有效直徑D=425mm導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器,研究了工程實際應(yīng)用的2MW風電液力調(diào)速系統(tǒng)。結(jié)合風電機組液力調(diào)速裝置的數(shù)學模型,計算得到了循環(huán)圓有效直徑D=800mm,行星排參數(shù)1?=2和2?=4的風電液力調(diào)速裝置的運行特性。根據(jù)風電液力調(diào)速裝置的運行特性,對影響液力調(diào)速裝置調(diào)速范圍及效率的行星排參數(shù)1?和2?以及導(dǎo)葉可調(diào)式液力變矩器循環(huán)圓有效直徑D進行了分析。制定了結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)選取的原則,優(yōu)化后的2MW風電液力調(diào)速裝置行星排參數(shù)為1?=2和2?=5,循環(huán)圓有效直徑為D=750mm。4.根據(jù)2MW變速恒頻風電機組的運行特點,結(jié)合開閉環(huán)控制,提出并設(shè)計了采用頻率切換策略的液力調(diào)速雙�？刂葡到y(tǒng)。建立了2MW液力調(diào)速裝置控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型,對液力調(diào)速過程進行了動態(tài)仿真。由于試制的樣機為300k W,所以采用同樣的理論和方法,對風電液力調(diào)速功能樣機運行特性進行了分析�；跇訖C參數(shù),建立了樣機的控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型并進行仿真模擬。仿真結(jié)果表明,雙�？刂葡到y(tǒng)能夠精確控制同步發(fā)電機轉(zhuǎn)速,并具有較快的響應(yīng)速度。5.為檢驗風電液力調(diào)速裝置的調(diào)速性能,驗證所提出的雙�？刂葡到y(tǒng)的實際控制效果,對300k W風電液力調(diào)速功能樣機進行了試驗研究。試驗測試了開環(huán)、閉環(huán)和雙模控制三種不同控制算法下,風電液力調(diào)速裝置的調(diào)速效果。試驗結(jié)果表明,雙模控制算法將開環(huán)控制與閉環(huán)控制相結(jié)合,提高了控制系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度和控制精度,實現(xiàn)了風電液力調(diào)速裝置輸出轉(zhuǎn)速的快速精確控制。將仿真結(jié)果與試驗結(jié)果進行對比,驗證了控制系統(tǒng)仿真模型的正確性。
[Abstract]:As the energy shortage and environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, the development and utilization of renewable energy are widely concerned in all countries. With the rapid development of renewable energy technology, wind power generation technology is becoming mature and the total amount of wind turbine assembly machines is increasing. There are many problems such as high failure rate of gear box and complex frequency conversion technology. Due to the increasing of single machine capacity, its reliability is reduced, the average maintenance time increases, and the cost of installation and maintenance is increasing because of the increase of failure. The traditional variable speed constant frequency wind turbine has encountered a bottleneck in the installation and operation and maintenance. The device gives the unfavorable factors to the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine, meets the increasingly strict requirements of the wind turbine grid, improves the reliability of the wind turbine and prolongs its service life. The variable speed constant frequency wind turbine has appeared on the basis of hydraulic speed regulation technology. The hydraulic speed regulation system of the wind turbine is synchronized by adjusting the blade of adjustable guide wheel automatically. The generator is running at constant speed to ensure that the generating frequency of the generator is constant and produces high quality electric energy directly. The adjustable torque converter of the guide blade can control and dampen the whole transmission chain, and can reduce the dynamic torque ripple of the system and suppress the impact load of the transmission system. The hydraulic turbine has small volume, light weight and cost. In this paper, based on the special fund of the doctoral discipline of the Ministry of education, "Research on the adjustable hydraulic speed regulating system for wind turbine guide blades" (20100061120057), the hydraulic speed regulating system in the variable speed constant frequency wind turbine is deeply studied. The main research work and the related conclusions are as follows:.1. tunable hydraulic torque converter. In order to study the internal characteristics of the adjustable torque converter with the guide blade, the transparent guide blade adjustable torque converter is designed and manufactured. The internal flow law of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with different opening is analyzed by using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The Particle Tracking Velocimetry test was carried out to verify the accuracy and accuracy of the simulation results of the CFD. The internal characteristics, external characteristics and regulating characteristics of the guide vanes were obtained by CFD calculation, which laid the foundation for the application of the pilot blade adjustable hydraulic torque converter as the control element to the hydraulic speed control system. According to the speed torque equation of the hydraulic speed regulating device, the whole transmission efficiency and the ratio of the transfer power of the adjustable torque converter to the input power of the hydraulic speed regulating device are obtained according to the speed torque equation of the hydraulic speed regulating device, and the input of the pump wheel of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with the guide blade is input.2.. The input power ratio of the power and hydraulic speed control device is less than 30%. The adjustable hydraulic torque converter is designed for the guide vane of the circular circle D=425mm. According to its CFD numerical simulation results, the original characteristics under the different opening are obtained, and the mathematical model of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter is established. A 300K W wind electric hydraulic speed regulating function prototype of the planetary row parameters 1? =2,2? =5 and the circulating circle circle of the torque converter is designed. The circulating effective diameter D=425mm guide blade adjustable torque converter with the same original characteristic of the same original characteristic of the 300K W wind power speed regulating function prototype with the same original characteristics is designed. The hydraulic speed regulating system of the 2MW wind power system applied in the engineering is studied. The hydraulic speed regulating assembly of the wind turbine is combined with the wind turbine. The operating characteristics of the wind electric hydraulic speed regulating device of the effective diameter D=800mm, 1? =2 and 2? =4 for the circular circle are calculated. According to the operating characteristics of the wind power hydraulic speed regulating device, the planetary parameters of the speed regulating range and the efficiency of the hydraulic speed regulating device are 1? And 2? And the circulatory circle of the adjustable hydraulic torque converter with the guide blade The effect diameter D is analyzed. The principle of the selection of structural parameters is formulated. The optimized parameters of the planetary row of the 2MW wind turbine speed regulating device are 1? =2 and 2? =5. The effective diameter of the circular circle is D=750mm.4. based on the operating characteristics of the 2MW variable speed constant frequency wind turbine, combined with the open closed loop control, and the hydraulic speed regulating dual of the frequency switching strategy is proposed and designed. The simulation model of the control system of the 2MW hydraulic speed control device is set up. The dynamic simulation of the hydraulic speed control process is carried out. The prototype is 300K W, so the same theory and method is used to analyze the operating characteristics of the wind power hydraulic speed regulating function prototype. Based on the prototype parameters, the simulation of the control system of the prototype is established. The simulation results show that the dual mode control system can accurately control the speed of the synchronous generator, and has a fast response speed of.5. to test the speed regulation performance of the wind power hydraulic speed control device, verify the actual control effect of the proposed dual mode control system and test the 300K W wind power hydraulic speed regulating function prototype. The experimental results show that the dual mode control algorithm combines open loop control and closed loop control, which improves the response speed and control precision of the control system, and realizes the speed of the output speed of the wind power hydraulic speed control device. The test results are tested under three different control algorithms of open loop, closed loop and double mode control. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the correctness of the simulation model of the control system.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM315

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