本文選題：永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī) + 低電壓穿越��； 參考：《東北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,風(fēng)力發(fā)電以技術(shù)成熟、成本低和大規(guī)模開發(fā)利用的優(yōu)勢(shì)成為新能源發(fā)展最快、最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的技術(shù)。風(fēng)電場(chǎng)接入電網(wǎng)后與電網(wǎng)之間的相互影響已不能忽略。如果風(fēng)電機(jī)組不具備低電壓穿越能力(Low voltage ride through,LVRT),當(dāng)電網(wǎng)電壓降落后,風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組會(huì)大面積脫網(wǎng),對(duì)電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定性造成影響。永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)組(permanent magnet synchronous generator,PMSG)已成為新建風(fēng)電場(chǎng)主要機(jī)型。如何在并網(wǎng)點(diǎn)電壓跌落期間避免機(jī)側(cè)和網(wǎng)側(cè)有功失配,快速穩(wěn)定直流鏈電壓,是PMSG實(shí)現(xiàn)LVRT的關(guān)鍵問題。本文主要針對(duì)提高永磁風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的低電壓運(yùn)行能力展開相關(guān)研究工作。分析永磁同步發(fā)電機(jī)組的運(yùn)行機(jī)理,搭建各主要部分在dq旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標(biāo)系的數(shù)學(xué)模型。研究了全功率變流器常規(guī)控制策略,機(jī)側(cè)變流器采用基于轉(zhuǎn)子磁場(chǎng)定向的零d軸控制方法,網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器應(yīng)用基于傳統(tǒng)電網(wǎng)電壓定向控制策略。為提升網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器的穩(wěn)壓與能量轉(zhuǎn)移能力,緩和電網(wǎng)故障期間的系統(tǒng)能量失衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)直流母線電壓的快速控制,采用一種基于模式切換的PMSG機(jī)組低電壓穿越控制策略,該策略在電網(wǎng)電壓正常和故障時(shí)進(jìn)行控制模式切換,選擇網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器或機(jī)側(cè)變流器來控制直流電容電壓。另外,為加快直流母線控制速度,提出了一種改進(jìn)前饋方法,加快了控制速度,降低了直流母線電壓的峰值。當(dāng)電壓深度跌落時(shí),受網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器自身功率限制和動(dòng)態(tài)無功支撐要求,網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器有功輸出能力會(huì)降低,僅依靠網(wǎng)側(cè)變流器無法抑制直流母線電壓驟升。為此,提出基于機(jī)側(cè)-網(wǎng)側(cè)有功協(xié)同的直流母線電壓控制策略,此方法能快速抑制直流鏈電壓波動(dòng)且能改善PMSG低電壓穿越能力。介紹了不對(duì)稱跌落下的兩種常用控制方法,而正負(fù)序分離是實(shí)現(xiàn)不對(duì)稱電壓跌落下并網(wǎng)逆變器控制的關(guān)鍵,即對(duì)正負(fù)序分離方法做了歸類及綜述,并選取了四種方法:直接濾波器法、延遲消去法、全微分法、正交濾波器法。對(duì)比了理想電壓跌落,含諧波電壓跌落和頻率偏移電壓跌落三種情景下的分離性能。仿真分析了各種方法的優(yōu)劣。在基于有功協(xié)同控制的基礎(chǔ)上,采取了負(fù)序電壓前饋方法,應(yīng)用二階廣義積分器法(SOGI)作為正負(fù)序分離方法,抑制不平衡分量,優(yōu)化不對(duì)稱跌落下的控制效果,實(shí)現(xiàn)了網(wǎng)側(cè)電流正弦化的控制目標(biāo)。MATLAB/Simulink仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文提出方法的有效性和優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, wind power has become the fastest developing and most competitive technology of new energy with the advantages of mature technology, low cost and large-scale exploitation and utilization. The interaction between wind farm and power grid can not be ignored. If the wind turbine does not have the low voltage ride through LVRTT, when the voltage drops behind, the wind turbine will get rid of the grid in a large area, which will affect the stability of the power network. Permanent magnet synchronous generator has become the main type of new wind farm. How to avoid the active power mismatch between the machine side and the grid side and to stabilize the DC link voltage quickly is the key problem of PMSG to realize LVRT. This paper focuses on improving the low-voltage operation capacity of permanent magnet wind turbines. The operation mechanism of PMSG is analyzed, and the mathematical models of the main parts in dq rotating coordinate system are built. The conventional control strategy of full power converter is studied. The zero-d axis control method based on rotor flux orientation is adopted for the machine side converter and the traditional voltage oriented control strategy for the grid side converter is applied. In order to improve the steady voltage and energy transfer ability of the grid-side converter, ease the system energy imbalance during the fault period of power grid, and realize the fast control of DC bus voltage, a low-voltage traversing control strategy of PMSG unit based on mode switching is adopted. The strategy switches the control mode when the voltage of the power network is normal and fault, and selects the grid-side converter or the machine-side converter to control the DC capacitor voltage. In addition, in order to accelerate the speed of DC bus control, an improved feedforward method is proposed, which speeds up the control speed and reduces the peak value of DC bus voltage. When the voltage depth falls, the active power output capacity of the grid-side converter will be reduced due to the power limitation and dynamic reactive power support of the grid-side converter, and the DC bus voltage sudden rise can not be restrained by the grid-side converter alone. For this reason, a DC bus voltage control strategy based on the active power cooperation between the machine side and the grid side is proposed. This method can quickly suppress the voltage fluctuation of the DC chain and improve the low voltage traversing ability of PMSG. This paper introduces two common control methods under asymmetric drop, and the positive and negative sequence separation is the key to realize the control of grid-connected inverter under asymmetric voltage drop, that is, the positive and negative sequence separation methods are classified and summarized. Four methods are selected: direct filter method, delay elimination method, total differential method and orthogonal filter method. The separation performance of ideal voltage drop, harmonic voltage drop and frequency offset voltage drop is compared. The advantages and disadvantages of various methods are analyzed by simulation. Based on the active power cooperative control, the negative sequence voltage feedforward method is adopted, and the second order generalized integrator method (SOGI) is used as the positive and negative sequence separation method to suppress the unbalanced component and optimize the control effect under the asymmetric drop. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by the simulation results of realizing the sinusoidal control target of network-side current. MATLAB / Simulink simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM614

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