發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-06 14:14

  本文選題：變壓器油 + 沖擊擊穿�。� 參考：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：運(yùn)行中的電力變壓器會(huì)受到各種沖擊電壓的作用,是導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)場(chǎng)變壓器絕緣故障的主要原因之一。氣泡和纖維素顆粒的存在將降低變壓器油的絕緣性能。氣泡和纖維素顆粒對(duì)變壓器油沖擊擊穿特性影響研究對(duì)于掌握變壓器油絕緣的沖擊擊穿機(jī)理,獲得變壓器油間隙的沖擊擊穿特性具有重要的科學(xué)價(jià)值和工程實(shí)際意義。論文開展了氣泡和纖維素顆粒對(duì)變壓器油沖擊擊穿特性影響的研究工作,主要內(nèi)容如下:研究了沖擊電壓波形對(duì)變壓器油間隙擊穿特性的影響。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)要求設(shè)計(jì)搭建了一套基于固態(tài)開關(guān)的沖擊電壓發(fā)生器,可以產(chǎn)生滿足試驗(yàn)要求的多種波形參數(shù)的沖擊電壓。采用波形參數(shù)分別為1.4/50μs,14/220μs,80/850μs和240/2400μs的四種正極性沖擊電壓對(duì)25#礦物變壓器油中稍不均勻電場(chǎng)間隙進(jìn)行了沖擊試驗(yàn),獲得了油間隙擊穿電壓和擊穿時(shí)間隨沖擊電壓波形參數(shù)的變化特性。研究了纖維素顆粒含量水平對(duì)變壓器油沖擊擊穿特性的影響規(guī)律。通過對(duì)低、中、高三種纖維素顆粒物含量水平油間隙在4種沖擊波形下的擊穿試驗(yàn),獲得了不同纖維素顆粒含量油間隙擊穿電壓的分布規(guī)律。對(duì)纖維素顆粒在沖擊電壓和交流電壓作用下的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)觀測(cè),獲得了不同沖擊電壓波形下油中纖維素顆粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)和聚集特征,解釋了不同沖擊電壓波形及不同纖維素顆粒含量水平對(duì)油間隙擊穿特性的影響機(jī)理。建立了沖擊電壓下纖維素顆粒在油間隙中的動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)值模型,從理論上研究了纖維素顆粒在不同波形沖擊電壓下的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為,對(duì)比了電壓波形、顆粒大小對(duì)纖維素顆粒運(yùn)動(dòng)特性的影響。計(jì)算分析了沖擊電壓作用過程中,纖維素顆粒運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)間隙電場(chǎng)分布的影響。從纖維素顆粒的運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制角度,揭示了纖維素顆粒高含量水平下油間隙U50%在240/2400μs沖擊電壓下顯著降低的原因。研究了變壓器油紙絕緣不同水分含量情況下的氣泡生成規(guī)律及氣泡存在對(duì)變壓器油間隙擊穿特性的影響。通過對(duì)2%、4%和6%三種水分含量紙板的氣泡生成模擬試驗(yàn),獲得了快速升溫過程中各水分含量油浸紙板的氣泡生成起始溫度及氣泡生成后的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。對(duì)氣泡在沖擊電壓和直流電壓作用下的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)觀測(cè),獲得了不同沖擊電壓波形下油中氣泡的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。通過對(duì)存在氣泡的油間隙在4種沖擊電壓下的擊穿試驗(yàn),獲得了沖擊電壓下氣泡對(duì)油間隙沖擊擊穿電壓的影響規(guī)律。建立了 1.4/50μs和240/2400μs兩種沖擊電壓下氣泡在油間隙中的動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)值模型,從理論上研究了氣泡在不同波形沖擊電壓下的動(dòng)力學(xué)行為,對(duì)比了不同電壓波形對(duì)氣泡運(yùn)動(dòng)特性的影響。計(jì)算分析了氣泡存在對(duì)間隙電場(chǎng)分布的影響,分析討論了氣泡生成及其運(yùn)動(dòng)特性可能對(duì)油間隙擊穿特性帶來的影響。
[Abstract]:Power transformers in operation will be affected by various impulse voltages, which is one of the main causes of insulation failure of field transformers. The existence of bubbles and cellulose particles will reduce the insulation performance of transformer oil. The study of the effect of bubbles and cellulose particles on the impact breakdown characteristics of transformer oil has important scientific value and engineering practical significance in mastering the impact breakdown mechanism of transformer oil insulation and obtaining the impact breakdown characteristics of transformer oil gap. In this paper, the effects of bubbles and cellulose particles on the impulse breakdown characteristics of transformer oil are studied. The main contents are as follows: the influence of impulse voltage waveform on the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil gap is studied. An impulse voltage generator based on solid-state switch is designed and built according to the test requirements, which can produce a variety of waveform parameters to meet the test requirements. Four kinds of positive impulse voltages with waveform parameters of 1.4 / 50 渭 s / 220 渭 s / 80 / 850 渭 s and 240 / 2400 渭 s were used to test the slightly uneven electric field gap in 25# mineral transformer oil. The characteristics of the breakdown voltage and breakdown time of the oil gap with the impulse voltage waveform parameters were obtained. The effect of cellulose particle content on the impact breakdown characteristics of transformer oil was studied. The breakdown voltage distribution of the oil gap with different cellulose content was obtained through the breakdown test of the horizontal oil gap with low, middle and high cellulose particle contents under four shock waves. The motion characteristics of cellulose particles under the action of impulse voltage and AC voltage were experimentally observed. The motion and aggregation characteristics of cellulose particles in oil under different impulse voltage waveforms were obtained. The influence mechanism of different impulse voltage waveform and different cellulose particle content on the breakdown characteristics of oil gap is explained. A numerical model of cellulose particle dynamics in oil gap under impulse voltage is established. The dynamic behavior of cellulose particle under different waveform impulse voltage is theoretically studied, and the voltage waveform is compared. The effect of particle size on the movement characteristics of cellulose particles. The effect of cellulose particle movement on gap electric field distribution during impulse voltage was calculated and analyzed. From the point of view of the movement mechanism of cellulose particles, the reason why the oil gap U50% decreases significantly at 240 / 2400 渭 s impulse voltage at high content of cellulose particles is revealed. The formation rule of bubbles in transformer oil paper insulation with different moisture content and the influence of bubble existence on the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil gap are studied. By simulating the bubble formation of the paperboard with 4% and 6% moisture content, the initial temperature of bubble formation and the movement state of the bubble formation were obtained during the rapid heating process. The motion characteristics of bubbles under impulse voltage and DC voltage are experimentally observed, and the motion laws of bubbles in oil under different impulse voltage waveforms are obtained. Through the breakdown test of the oil gap with bubbles under four impulse voltages, the effect of the bubble on the impulse breakdown voltage of the oil gap is obtained. A numerical model of bubble dynamics in oil gap under 1.4 / 50 渭 s and 240 / 2400 渭 s impulse voltages is established. The dynamic behavior of bubbles under different wave impulse voltages is studied theoretically, and the effects of different voltage waveforms on bubble motion characteristics are compared. The influence of the bubble existence on the electric field distribution of the gap is analyzed and the influence of the bubble formation and its motion characteristics on the breakdown characteristics of the oil gap is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM41

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