本文選題：配電網(wǎng) + 分布式電源　； 參考：《太原理工大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球能源互聯(lián)的不斷發(fā)展,以清潔能源為主的分布式發(fā)電由于低污染、低能耗等特點得到了迅速的發(fā)展。分布式電源(Distributed Generation簡稱DG)的接入使得傳統(tǒng)配電網(wǎng)由輻射型網(wǎng)絡變?yōu)榱穗娫春陀脩艋ヂ?lián)的復雜多電源網(wǎng)絡,使得適用于傳統(tǒng)配電網(wǎng)故障定位方法的準確性和適應性降低。研究含分布式電源的故障定位方法對于提高配電網(wǎng)的供電可靠性以及促進分布式電源發(fā)展均具有重要意義。根據(jù)配電網(wǎng)建設及故障定位發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,分析了DG接入對配電網(wǎng)傳統(tǒng)故障定位方法的影響,通過調(diào)整DG接入點上游各開關(guān)定值,使其可以區(qū)分系統(tǒng)側(cè)主電源提供的最小正向短路電流和DG提供的最大反向短路電流,以使得傳統(tǒng)故障定位方法在含DG的配電網(wǎng)中仍具有一定的適用性;同時分析了DG接入容量過大、供電距離過長時,架空線配電網(wǎng)的故障定位方法;通過算例仿真分析了該開關(guān)定值調(diào)整策略的可行性和局限性。針對DG接入容量過大和供電距離過長時,傳統(tǒng)故障定位方法的局限性,提出了含DG的改進矩陣算法。該算法根據(jù)配電網(wǎng)各運行方式下正常潮流流向定義開關(guān)正方向,自動修正網(wǎng)絡描述矩陣;只根據(jù)FTU上傳的n?1階故障信息矩陣快速獲得n?1階故障判斷矩陣;根據(jù)電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)特點和基爾霍夫定律,改進T節(jié)點區(qū)域故障判據(jù);提出了FTU上傳信息不完備或畸變等情況下的故障定位方法,提高饋線各區(qū)域內(nèi)的單重故障和多重故障的定位準確度;從而解決了傳統(tǒng)矩陣算法需要根據(jù)電源數(shù)假定多個正方向進行多次故障定位、故障判定規(guī)格化處理計算量大、T節(jié)點區(qū)域故障定位準確率低等問題。通過算例仿真,驗證了改進矩陣算法的準確性和容錯性。由于配電網(wǎng)實際故障定位時,FTU上傳信息易受外界環(huán)境,天氣等因素的影響而發(fā)生畸變,當FTU畸變數(shù)較多時,改進矩陣算法容錯性大幅降低,針對這種問題,引入遺傳算法進行含DG的配電網(wǎng)故障定位。針對DG接入配電網(wǎng)后,傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法不能適應DG的不同投切情況,造成故障定位準確性和穩(wěn)定性降低的問題,本文提出一種改進的遺傳算法來適應多變的配電網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡結(jié)構(gòu)。該算法通過改進交叉和變異算子加快算法收斂速度并避免陷入局部尋優(yōu);通過改進開關(guān)函數(shù)和適應度函數(shù),使其更好的適應DG的投切,提高故障定位的穩(wěn)定性和效率;針對大規(guī)模配電網(wǎng)故障定位計算速度問題,引入了分級處理思想,加速故障定位的速度。通過算例仿真,驗證了改進遺傳算法在含DG的配電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)單一故障和多重故障情況下故障定位的有效性,同時針對實際運行中FTU上傳信息畸變和丟失的情況,比較了改進遺傳算法和傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法以及改進矩陣算法在不同故障情況下的穩(wěn)定性、準確性和容錯性,算例分析證明了改進遺傳算法具有更好的穩(wěn)定性和容錯性。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of global energy interconnection, distributed generation based on clean energy has been developed rapidly because of its low pollution and low energy consumption. The access of distributed Generation makes the traditional distribution network change from radiative network to complex multi-source network, which makes the accuracy and adaptability of fault location method for traditional distribution network reduced. It is of great significance to study the fault location method with distributed power supply for improving the reliability of distribution network and promoting the development of distributed power generation. According to the current situation of distribution network construction and fault location, the influence of DG access on the traditional fault location method of distribution network is analyzed. It can distinguish the minimum forward short-circuit current provided by the main power supply on the system side and the maximum reverse short-circuit current provided by DG, so that the traditional fault location method still has certain applicability in the distribution network containing DG. At the same time, the fault location method of overhead distribution network is analyzed when the DG access capacity is too large and the power supply distance is too long, and the feasibility and limitation of the switch setting adjustment strategy are analyzed by simulation. Aiming at the limitation of the traditional fault location method when the DG access capacity is too large and the power supply distance is too long, an improved matrix algorithm with DG is proposed. The algorithm automatically modifies the network description matrix according to the normal power flow direction of the distribution network under the normal power flow direction, and acquires the first order fault judgment matrix quickly only according to the first order fault information matrix uploaded by FTU. According to the characteristics of power network structure and Kirchhoff's law, the fault criterion of T-node region is improved, and the fault location method under the condition of incomplete or distorted FTU uploading information is proposed. The location accuracy of single fault and multiple fault in each region of feeder is improved, thus solving the problem that the traditional matrix algorithm needs to assume multiple positive directions of fault location according to the number of power supply. Some problems such as low accuracy rate of fault location in T-node region with large amount of calculation in fault determination and normalization are discussed. The accuracy and fault tolerance of the improved matrix algorithm are verified by an example. Due to the distortion caused by the external environment, weather and other factors, the fault tolerance of the improved matrix algorithm is greatly reduced when the number of FTU aberrations is large, so the fault tolerance of the improved matrix algorithm is greatly reduced when the distribution network is located in the actual fault location, which is due to the influence of the external environment, weather and other factors. Genetic algorithm is introduced for fault location of distribution network with DG. In view of the problem that the traditional genetic algorithm can not adapt to the different switching conditions of DG after DG is connected to the distribution network, the accuracy and stability of fault location are reduced. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed to adapt to the changeable distribution network structure. The algorithm improves the crossover and mutation operators to speed up the convergence of the algorithm and avoid falling into local optimization. By improving the switching function and fitness function, the algorithm can better adapt to DG switching and improve the stability and efficiency of fault location. To solve the problem of calculating speed of fault location in large-scale distribution network, the idea of hierarchical processing is introduced to accelerate the speed of fault location. The simulation results show that the improved genetic algorithm is effective in the case of single fault and multiple faults in the distribution network system with DG. At the same time, the distortion and loss of FTU uploading information are analyzed. The stability, accuracy and fault tolerance of the improved genetic algorithm, the traditional genetic algorithm and the improved matrix algorithm in different fault cases are compared. The example shows that the improved genetic algorithm has better stability and fault tolerance.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM711

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