發(fā)布時間：2018-05-05 03:16

  本文選題：三電平牽引逆變器 + SVPWM　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：二極管箱位型(neutral-point-clamped,NPC)三電平逆變器自1981年首次提出應(yīng)用于交流傳動系統(tǒng)以來,已成為中壓大功率傳動領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用的多電平逆變器。由于開關(guān)損耗、逆變器體積及散熱能力等限制,現(xiàn)有功率器件最高開關(guān)頻率一般不超過1kHz,為降低電機(jī)在寬速度范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)行時的定子電流畸變、諧波轉(zhuǎn)矩、諧波損耗、發(fā)熱和噪聲等,通常在不同速度區(qū)段采取不同的調(diào)制算法即多模式調(diào)制。如何在有限的載波比下,設(shè)計出電流諧波畸變和轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動最低的三電平牽引逆變器優(yōu)化脈寬調(diào)制算法,具有重要的理論和工程應(yīng)用價值。因此,本文主要對不同類型、不同載波比下的脈寬調(diào)制算法及其諧波性能、中點電位平衡控制算法進(jìn)行了研究。首先簡要介紹了三電平牽引逆變器的主電路結(jié)構(gòu)及其工作原理;分析了三電平異步空間矢量脈寬調(diào)制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)算法基本原理,以及基于60°坐標(biāo)系計算矢量作用時間的異步SVPWM簡化算法,.通過仿真對比分析了采用不同合成矢量序列的兩種異步SVPWM簡化算法的諧波性能。其次,介紹了三電平同步PWM的基本原理;針對基于空間電壓矢量在線計算矢量作用角度的同步PWM,為消除偶數(shù)次諧波分量,設(shè)計了 8種滿足半波對稱、三相對稱、考慮1/4周期對稱約束的三矢量同步SVPWM;為進(jìn)一步降低線電壓的加權(quán)總諧波畸變率,分析并設(shè)計了 3種考慮矢量分配系數(shù)影響的四矢量同步SVPWM,得到特定矢量序列中矢量分配系數(shù)與諧波性能間的定量關(guān)系;針對基于單相橋臂電壓波形離線計算開關(guān)角的優(yōu)化同步PWM,根據(jù)優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的不同,分別對特定次諧波消除PWM、電流諧波最小PWM、轉(zhuǎn)矩諧波最小PWM建立優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,結(jié)合初值經(jīng)驗公式和解軌跡微分預(yù)估初值的方法,完成不同載波比下各優(yōu)化同步PWM的優(yōu)化開關(guān)角求解,并對電流諧波性能進(jìn)行了理論對比分析;針對如何設(shè)計三電平牽引逆變器全速域脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)的問題,分別從載波比個數(shù)、最高開關(guān)頻率、電流諧波畸變率、轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動、DSP數(shù)字化實現(xiàn)等方面對比分析了上述兩類同步PWM算法;最后通過仿真驗證了各同步PWM的有效性,并對比分析了各同步PWM的諧波性能。再次,針對三電平牽引逆變器的中點電位不平衡問題,提出一種基于SHEPWM的中點電位平衡三級滯環(huán)控制方法,通過分析三相橋臂電壓波形對應(yīng)的開關(guān)矢量序列及其作用角度,設(shè)計了三種冗余矢量調(diào)整方案;該方法直接對三相PWM信號進(jìn)行在線調(diào)整,適用于任何PWM算法;最后通過仿真驗證了該中點電位平衡控制算法在兩種異步SVPWM和兩類同步PWM下,均能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對中點電位的有效控制。最后,基于TMS320F28335控制器和RT-LAB硬件在環(huán)實時仿真平臺,完成三電平逆變器優(yōu)化脈寬調(diào)制與中點電位平衡滯環(huán)控制算法的DSP程序開發(fā),以及算法正確性和有效性的驗證。
[Abstract]:Since its first application in AC transmission system in 1981, the three-level diode box type neutral point-clamped NPC inverter has become a widely used multilevel inverter in the field of medium-voltage and high-power transmission. Due to the limitation of switching loss, inverter volume and heat dissipation, the maximum switching frequency of existing power devices is generally not more than 1 kHz. In order to reduce the stator current distortion, harmonic torque and harmonic loss when the motor is running in a wide speed range, Heat and noise, usually adopt different modulation algorithm in different speed range, that is, multi-mode modulation. How to design the optimal pulse width modulation algorithm of three-level traction inverter with the lowest current harmonic distortion and torque ripple under the limited carrier ratio has important theoretical and engineering application value. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the pulse width modulation algorithm with different carrier ratio and its harmonic performance, as well as the midpoint potential balance control algorithm. Firstly, the main circuit structure and working principle of three-level traction inverter are introduced briefly, and the basic principle of three-level asynchronous space vector pulse width modulation (vector pulse width) algorithm is analyzed. And the simplified asynchronous SVPWM algorithm based on 60 擄coordinate system to calculate vector action time. The harmonic performance of two asynchronous SVPWM simplification algorithms using different synthetic vector sequences is analyzed by simulation. Secondly, this paper introduces the basic principle of three-level synchronous PWM, aiming at the synchronous PWM based on space voltage vector on-line calculating vector action angle, in order to eliminate even harmonic components, eight kinds of synchronous PWM are designed to satisfy half-wave symmetry and three-phase symmetry. In order to further reduce the weighted total harmonic distortion rate of line voltage, a three-vector synchronous SVPWM with 1 / 4 periodic symmetry constraint is considered. Three kinds of four vector synchronous SVPWMs considering the influence of vector assignment coefficient are analyzed and designed, and the quantitative relationship between vector assignment coefficient and harmonic performance in a particular vector sequence is obtained. Aiming at the optimal synchronous PWM based on off-line calculation of the switching angle based on the voltage waveform of the single-phase bridge arm, according to the different optimization objectives, the optimal mathematical models are established for the special harmonic elimination, current harmonic minimization and torque harmonic minimization PWM, respectively. Combined with the method of initial value empirical formula and trajectory differential estimation, the optimal switching angle of each optimized synchronous PWM under different carrier ratio is solved, and the harmonic performance of current is compared and analyzed theoretically. In order to solve the problem of how to design three-level traction inverter pulse width modulation technology in full speed domain, the number of carrier ratio, the highest switching frequency, the harmonic distortion rate of current, The digital realization of torque ripple DSP and so on are compared and analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of each synchronous PWM is verified by simulation, and the harmonic performance of each synchronous PWM is compared and analyzed. Thirdly, aiming at the unbalanced neutral point potential of three-level traction inverter, a three-stage hysteresis control method of neutral point potential balance based on SHEPWM is proposed. The switching vector sequence corresponding to the voltage waveform of three-phase bridge arm and its action angle are analyzed. Three redundant vector adjustment schemes are designed, which can directly adjust the three-phase PWM signal online and can be applied to any PWM algorithm. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed midpoint potential balance control algorithm is based on two asynchronous SVPWM and two classes of synchronous PWM. All of them can effectively control the midpoint potential. Finally, based on the real-time simulation platform of TMS320F28335 controller and RT-LAB hardware in loop, the DSP program of optimized pulse width modulation and neutral point potential balance hysteresis control algorithm for three-level inverter is developed, and the correctness and validity of the algorithm are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM464

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本文編號：1845942