本文選題：微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度 + 蓄電池組��； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：利用風力、太陽能等可再生能源進行發(fā)電的分布式電源越來越多;分布式電源與附近的負荷構(gòu)成了一個微型的發(fā)電、供電系統(tǒng),稱之為微電網(wǎng);微電網(wǎng)相關(guān)技術(shù)解決了可再生能源接入大電網(wǎng)的問題。作為新的發(fā)電方式及可再生能源接入的途徑,微電網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度問題一直是深受關(guān)注的研究課題。本文在分析分布式電源、蓄電池組運行特性的基礎(chǔ)上,實現(xiàn)了某實際微電網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型。該模型的目標函數(shù)考慮了蓄電池組的使用壽命以及公共電網(wǎng)的峰谷電價影響。微電網(wǎng)中蓄電池組的使用壽命與其充放電過程有關(guān),本文基于分布式電源出力及微電網(wǎng)負荷的預測結(jié)果,改進了蓄電池組優(yōu)化的充、放電策略,即盡可能地利用分布式電源輸出的剩余功率對蓄電池組進行充電,以減少公共電網(wǎng)對蓄電池組充電的電費成本,同時為了延長蓄電池組的使用壽命又要控制蓄電池組在短時間頻繁充、放電次數(shù)。主要工作說明如下:1)改進了蓄電池組在微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度中的費用損失模型。一般采用充電或放電功率絕對值與蓄電池組總吞吐量之比計算蓄電池組單次充電或放電的損失費用。這個方法有不足之處,本文采用放電功率的2倍值與總吞吐量之比來計算,可以克服蓄電池組荷電狀態(tài)較低時,充電功率過大導致充電費用較高而不得不減小充電功率的問題。同時,在對微電網(wǎng)的分布式電源與負荷預測的基礎(chǔ)上,通過出力與負荷之間的功率平衡,對蓄電池組的充、放電策略進行優(yōu)化,其基本思路是盡可能地采用可再生能源發(fā)出的電能對其進行充電,而在電價峰時段且分布式電源出力不足時,則盡可能地利用蓄電池組的儲能對負荷進行供電。而且通過控制蓄電池組小功率充電或放電的次數(shù),以提高蓄電池組的使用壽命。2)根據(jù)風力發(fā)電機輸出功率損耗率相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)與光伏電站逆變環(huán)節(jié)輸出損耗率,分別建立了風電機組與光伏電站在輸出功率時的費用損耗模型。這兩個模型應(yīng)用于分布式電源出力大于負荷時的微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度問題。3)實現(xiàn)了微電網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟調(diào)度的目標函數(shù);在分布式電源出力與微電網(wǎng)負荷的比較基礎(chǔ)上,將目標函數(shù)分成兩段,即當分布式電源的出力大于微電網(wǎng)負荷時,以風力及光伏輸出功率損耗最小為調(diào)度目標;當出力小于負荷時而需要蓄電池組或公共電網(wǎng)提供額外功率時,則以微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)的用電成本最低為調(diào)度目標。4)在滿足微電網(wǎng)相關(guān)約束條件,計及蓄電池組使用壽命,考慮蓄電池組優(yōu)化充、放電策略,計及公共電網(wǎng)峰谷電價的基礎(chǔ)上,采用粒子群算法對微電網(wǎng)的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型進行求解,給出了微電網(wǎng)內(nèi)各單元的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度結(jié)果并進行簡要分析。本文實現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型,基于微電網(wǎng)中各個分布式電源的實際情況,兼顧了蓄電池組的壽命損耗與公共電網(wǎng)峰谷電價的影響,能夠更加全面、有效地實現(xiàn)微電網(wǎng)用電成本最低的目標。通過采用粒子群算法對該經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型的求解,以及對經(jīng)濟調(diào)度結(jié)果的分析,說明本文實現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟調(diào)度模型具有一定的參考意義,能夠為微電網(wǎng)的規(guī)劃、調(diào)控提供較強的指導作用。
[Abstract]:A growing number of distributed power sources, such as wind, solar and other renewable sources of energy, are becoming more and more distributed; distributed power and nearby loads constitute a micro power generation, power supply systems, called microgrids; microgrid related technologies have solved the problems of renewable energy access to large power grids as new generation methods and renewable energy access. In this paper, based on the analysis of the distributed power and the running characteristics of the battery group, the economic dispatch model of a real microgrid is realized. The objective function of this model takes into account the service life of the battery group and the influence of the peak valley electricity price of the public grid. The service life of the battery group in the power grid is related to the charging and discharging process. Based on the result of the distributed power supply and the prediction of the micro grid load, this paper improves the charging and discharging strategy of the battery group optimization, that is to use the residual power of the distributed power output to recharge the battery pack as much as possible in order to reduce the public grid to the battery group. At the same time, to prolong the service life of the battery, to prolong the service life of the battery group, and to control the number of batteries in a short time and the number of discharge. The main work is as follows: 1) the cost loss model of the battery group in the economic dispatch of the microgrid is improved. The ratio of the absolute value of the charging or discharging power to the total throughput of the battery group is generally adopted. The loss cost of single charge or discharge of battery group is calculated. This method is inadequacies. In this paper, the 2 times of discharge power is calculated with the ratio of total throughput. It can overcome the problem that charging power is too high and has to reduce charging power when the charge state of battery group is low. At the same time, the micro grid can be used. On the basis of distributed power and load forecasting, through the power balance between the output and the load, the charging and discharging strategy of the battery group is optimized. The basic idea is to use the electricity generated by renewable energy to charge it as much as possible, while in the peak period of electricity price and the shortage of distributed power supply, it is used as much as possible. The storage energy of the battery group supplies power to the load. And by controlling the number of small power charging or discharging of the battery group to increase the service life of the battery group.2), the output power of the wind turbine and the photovoltaic power station is established according to the output loss rate related data of the output power of the wind turbine and the output loss rate of the inverter link of the photovoltaic power station. The two models are applied to the microgrid economic scheduling problem.3 when the distributed power supply exceeds the load. The objective function of the microgrid economic dispatch is realized. On the basis of the comparison of the distributed power supply and the microgrid load, the target function is divided into two segments, that is, when the output of the distributed power is larger than the microelectricity. When the load is on the net, the minimum power loss of the wind and photovoltaic output is the scheduling goal. When the power is less than the load, the battery group or the public grid is required to provide the extra power, the minimum power cost in the micro grid is the.4 of the scheduling target. The service life of the battery group is considered, and the battery group is considered. On the basis of the chemical charging, discharge strategy and the peak valley electricity price of the public grid, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the economic dispatch model of the microgrid, and the economic dispatch results of each unit in the microgrid are given and a brief analysis is made. The economic dispatch model realized in this paper is based on the actual situation of the distributed power supply in the micro grid and takes into account the consideration of the actual situation of the various distributed power sources in the microgrid. The life loss of the battery group and the peak valley electricity price of the public grid can be more comprehensive and effective to achieve the lowest cost of the power consumption of the microgrid. By using the particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the economic dispatch model and the analysis of the results of the economic dispatch, the economic dispatch model realized in this paper has a certain reference meaning. It can provide a strong guidance for the planning and regulation of the microgrid.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM73

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