發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-24 17:04

  本文選題：LiDAR + 濾波分類��； 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：機(jī)載LiDAR測(cè)量技術(shù)是一種新興的對(duì)地探測(cè)和定位模式,正廣泛應(yīng)用于鐵路勘察設(shè)計(jì)、城市建模、森林資源管理、測(cè)繪等領(lǐng)域,尤其是數(shù)字化電力巡線中,引起了電網(wǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)單位高度重視。數(shù)字化電網(wǎng)工程中,輸電線路橫跨區(qū)域較廣,所處地形復(fù)雜,且導(dǎo)線長(zhǎng)期暴露在野外,受到外界因素影響,會(huì)產(chǎn)生磨損、腐蝕等現(xiàn)象。因此,必須及時(shí)進(jìn)行電力線路檢測(cè)。傳統(tǒng)巡線方法主要是人力,工作量大而且條件艱苦,尤其是山區(qū)和跨越江河的輸電線路巡查,花費(fèi)時(shí)間多、人力財(cái)力成本高、困難重重。而機(jī)載LiDAR技術(shù)以自身特點(diǎn),很好地解決了這些難題,它通過獲取電力線路走廊環(huán)境的三維可視化地理信息,可快速提取導(dǎo)線下方與地物點(diǎn)的距離,快速清查安全隱患點(diǎn)。在此背景下,本文基于機(jī)載LiDAR技術(shù)對(duì)梅州市平原縣焦富甲乙線路進(jìn)行樹木隱患檢測(cè),結(jié)合激光腳點(diǎn)幾何分布特征,以規(guī)則格網(wǎng)區(qū)域增長(zhǎng)法為基礎(chǔ),應(yīng)用冠層高度模型CHM與拉普拉斯算子研究樹木提取,實(shí)現(xiàn)樹障在架空輸電線路中安全性分析,相關(guān)研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.通過閱讀國(guó)內(nèi)外近幾年相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),深入研究機(jī)載LiDAR技術(shù)對(duì)地定位原理,深入掌握各傳感器系統(tǒng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制,為集成系統(tǒng)提供了一定基礎(chǔ);結(jié)合實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),在慣性導(dǎo)航的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)和基本原理上推導(dǎo)出五種常用導(dǎo)航坐標(biāo)系;總結(jié)出機(jī)載LiDAR數(shù)據(jù)采集預(yù)處理完整技術(shù)路線,為獲取高精度點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量做了準(zhǔn)備。2.基于LiDAR點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)無序不規(guī)則特性,實(shí)現(xiàn)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)高效組織管理。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了離散點(diǎn)K近鄰查詢層次包圍盒與八叉樹查詢,采用格網(wǎng)分塊K近鄰查詢對(duì)點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行組織,極大的提高了數(shù)據(jù)處理效率,為后續(xù)點(diǎn)云濾波分類做了準(zhǔn)備。3.基于點(diǎn)云空間分布模式對(duì)地物點(diǎn)的幾何特征進(jìn)行分析。樹木和建筑物激光腳點(diǎn)在垂直方向和水平方向具有異同點(diǎn),在DSM、DTM基礎(chǔ)上利用區(qū)域連續(xù)性與非連續(xù)性或?qū)傩砸恢滦?從提取的地物點(diǎn)中通過面積閾值大范圍分離樹木區(qū)和建筑物區(qū),設(shè)置一定高程閾值,對(duì)樹木區(qū)進(jìn)行梯度分割求取拉普拉斯算子,再疊加規(guī)則化數(shù)字表面模型拉普拉斯算子得到樹木,借助冠層高度模型,從而得到高等植被。4.基于提取的高等樹木進(jìn)行輸電線路樹障危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)預(yù)警研究分析。以架空輸電線路運(yùn)行規(guī)程提供的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為參考依據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)線下方與地物點(diǎn)水平距離和垂直距離檢測(cè),判別危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)的實(shí)際位置信息。
[Abstract]:Airborne LiDAR survey technology is a new ground detection and positioning mode, which is widely used in railway survey and design, urban modeling, forest resource management, surveying and mapping, especially in the digital power line survey. Has caused the grid operation unit to attach great importance. In the digital power network project, the transmission lines span a wide area, the terrain is complex, and the conductors are exposed in the field for a long time, which will be affected by external factors, such as wear, corrosion and so on. Therefore, power line detection must be carried out in time. The traditional method of line patrol is mainly manpower, with heavy workload and difficult conditions. Especially, the inspection of transmission lines in mountainous areas and across rivers takes more time, high cost of human and financial resources, and many difficulties. The airborne LiDAR technology solves these problems well with its own characteristics. By obtaining 3D visual geographic information of the power line corridor environment, it can quickly extract the distance between the conductor and the ground point, and quickly check out the hidden safety points. Under this background, based on airborne LiDAR technology, the tree hidden danger detection of Jiaofujia and B lines in Pingyuan County of Meizhou City is carried out. Combined with the geometric distribution of laser foot points, the method of regular grid area growth is used as the basis. The canopy height model CHM and Laplace operator are used to study the tree extraction, and the safety analysis of tree barrier in overhead transmission line is realized. The related research contents are as follows: 1. Through reading the relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years, deeply studying the principle of airborne LiDAR technology to the ground location, deeply mastering the realization mechanism of each sensor system, providing a certain foundation for the integrated system, combining with the practical experience, Five commonly used navigation coordinate systems are derived from the mathematical basis and principle of inertial navigation, and the complete technical route of pre-processing of airborne LiDAR data acquisition is summarized, which is prepared to obtain the high accuracy point cloud data quality. 2. Based on the irregular character of LiDAR point cloud data, point cloud data organization and management are realized. In this paper, the hierarchical bounding box and octree query of discrete point K nearest neighbor query are briefly introduced, and the point cloud data is organized by using the grid block K nearest neighbor query, which greatly improves the data processing efficiency and prepares for the subsequent point cloud filtering classification. Based on the spatial distribution model of point cloud, the geometric characteristics of ground objects are analyzed. The laser foot-points of trees and buildings have similarities and differences in vertical and horizontal directions, using regional continuity and discontinuity or attribute consistency on the basis of DSM DTM. The tree area and the building area are separated from the extracted points by the area threshold, and a certain elevation threshold is set, and the Laplace operator is obtained by gradient segmentation of the tree area. Then the trees are obtained by superposing the regularized digital surface model Laplace operator and the canopy height model is used to obtain the higher vegetation. 4. Based on the extraction of higher trees, the early warning of obstacle point of transmission line tree is studied and analyzed. Based on the standard provided by overhead transmission line operation rules, the horizontal and vertical distance detection of the point below the conductor and the ground object is realized, and the actual position information of the dangerous point is distinguished.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TM755

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