本文選題：效率　切入點(diǎn)：光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著全球能源危機(jī)的不斷加劇,作為新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)之一的光伏發(fā)電技術(shù)受到廣泛關(guān)注和快速發(fā)展。光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器作為光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的核心裝置,其并網(wǎng)效率和并網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量是衡量一個(gè)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)劣的關(guān)鍵,而PWM調(diào)制技術(shù)是影響這兩者的重要因素。因此,對(duì)在不同逆變器應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合下PWM調(diào)制策略的優(yōu)化性能進(jìn)行深入分析具有重要的意義。本文以一種結(jié)構(gòu)更優(yōu)化、系統(tǒng)效率更高、更有利于系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的非隔離型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器為研究對(duì)象,以成本低、損耗小的三電平T-NPC拓?fù)渥鳛橹麟娐方Y(jié)構(gòu),圍繞逆變器的損耗、并網(wǎng)電能質(zhì)量、濾波器設(shè)計(jì)等問(wèn)題展開(kāi)深入研究。(1)三電平斷續(xù)脈寬調(diào)制(DPWM)策略的研究。從空間矢量角度對(duì)DPWM的原理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,并根據(jù)開(kāi)關(guān)管空間箝位模式的變化,將DPWM分為6類(lèi)。以一種簡(jiǎn)單可行的零序電壓注入方式,給出了各類(lèi)DPWM的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法及零序電壓疊加規(guī)律,并分析對(duì)比了 SVPWM、DPWM的諧波特性。接著,針對(duì)三電平拓?fù)涞闹悬c(diǎn)電位不平衡問(wèn)題,給出了一種通過(guò)注入零序電壓實(shí)現(xiàn)中點(diǎn)電位平衡,同時(shí)降低器件損耗的混合調(diào)制策略,并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了其控制中點(diǎn)平衡的良好性能。(2)光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的網(wǎng)側(cè)濾波器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。在非隔離型光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器中,光伏池板對(duì)地產(chǎn)生的共模電流會(huì)產(chǎn)生干擾,增大并網(wǎng)電流諧波,影響逆變器正常運(yùn)行,甚至還會(huì)危害人身安全。通過(guò)對(duì)共模回路的分析,建立了光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器的共模等效模型。針對(duì)共模電流和通用型LCL濾波器的共模諧振問(wèn)題,采用了 一種簡(jiǎn)單、實(shí)用的共模差模解耦型的LCL濾波器設(shè)計(jì)方案,給出了 DPWM下濾波器各個(gè)參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)方法,仿真驗(yàn)證了該設(shè)計(jì)的理論正確性和實(shí)際可行性。(3)不同功率因數(shù)情況下DPWM的器件損耗分析。為保證不同功率因數(shù)情況下器件始終有最小損耗,在對(duì)各類(lèi)DPWM下功率器件的損耗進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,給出了一種隨功率因數(shù)角的變化,實(shí)時(shí)切換DPWM的最小損耗實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,并通過(guò)仿真驗(yàn)證了其可行性。(4)對(duì)上述提出的DPWM策略和濾波器設(shè)計(jì)等進(jìn)行相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。搭建了20kW的三電平T-NPC光伏并網(wǎng)逆變器實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),對(duì)SVPWM和DPWM下逆變器的并網(wǎng)電流THD、效率進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比,并驗(yàn)證了中點(diǎn)平衡控制策略的抑制效果。對(duì)本文采用的改進(jìn)型濾波器設(shè)計(jì)、DPWM的切換方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)效果分析,證明了兩者的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the aggravation of the global energy crisis, photovoltaic power generation technology, as one of the new energy industries, has been widely concerned and developed rapidly. Photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is the core device of photovoltaic power generation system. The efficiency of grid-connected and the quality of grid-connected power are the key factors to evaluate a system, and PWM modulation technology is an important factor affecting both of them. It is of great significance to analyze the optimal performance of PWM modulation strategy in different inverter applications. The non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, which is more conducive to the stable operation of the system, is studied. The three-level T-NPC topology with low cost and low loss is taken as the main circuit structure, which revolves around the loss of the inverter and the grid-connected power quality. The design of filter is studied in detail. The principle of DPWM is explained in detail from the angle of space vector, and according to the change of switching tube spatial clamping mode, the principle of DPWM is discussed in detail. The DPWM is divided into six categories. By a simple and feasible zero-sequence voltage injection method, the realization method and the zero-sequence voltage superposition rule of all kinds of DPWM are given, and the harmonic characteristics of the DPWM are analyzed and compared. In order to solve the problem of neutral point potential imbalance in three-level topology, a hybrid modulation strategy is proposed to realize neutral point potential balance by injecting zero-sequence voltage and to reduce device loss at the same time. The optimal design of grid-side filter for grid-connected photovoltaic inverter is verified by simulation. In non-isolated photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, the common-mode current generated by photovoltaic cell panel will interfere with the ground. Increasing the harmonics of grid-connected current, affecting the normal operation of the inverter, and even endangering personal safety. Through the analysis of the common-mode loop, The common-mode equivalent model of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter is established. Aiming at the common mode resonance of common-mode current and universal LCL filter, a simple and practical design scheme of common-mode differential mode decoupled LCL filter is adopted. The design method of filter parameters under DPWM is given. The simulation results show that the design is correct in theory and feasible in practice. (3) the loss analysis of DPWM devices under different power factors is carried out. In order to ensure that the devices always have the minimum loss under different power factors, Based on the detailed analysis of the loss of various power devices under DPWM, a method of realizing the minimum loss of real-time switching DPWM with the change of power factor angle is presented. The feasibility of the proposed DPWM strategy and filter design are verified by simulation. The three-level T-NPC photovoltaic grid-connected inverter experimental platform of 20kW is built. The efficiency and efficiency of grid-connected current THD of inverter under SVPWM and DPWM are compared experimentally, and the suppression effect of midpoint balance control strategy is verified. The feasibility of both is proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM464;TM615

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