本文選題：靜電紡絲　切入點(diǎn)：磷化鈷　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：伴隨著人類文明的發(fā)展,突顯出許多亟待解決的問題,諸如環(huán)境污染和能源危機(jī)。面對(duì)以上問題,必須發(fā)展先進(jìn)的能源技術(shù),實(shí)現(xiàn)能源的綠色化。在能源轉(zhuǎn)化和儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)研究領(lǐng)域,普遍持有的共識(shí)是一維納米材料(包括納米線、納米棒和納米管等)因具備較高的比表面積、大孔隙率和極大的長(zhǎng)徑比而被認(rèn)為是最為理想的材料之一。靜電紡絲技術(shù)自1934年被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)后,就引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注和深入研究。目前,靜電紡絲作為有效的可以大規(guī)模連續(xù)化制備納米纖維的方法之一被應(yīng)用到各個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域。與其他制備一維納米材料的方法相比,該方法具有操作設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、紡絲成本低廉、可紡纖維種類繁多和纖維形貌可控等優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過這種方法制備的一維納米材料具有大比表面積、高孔隙率、大長(zhǎng)徑比等優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過加入功能性組分來有機(jī)的結(jié)合一維納米材料與功能性組分的優(yōu)勢(shì),制備獲得一維納米雜化材料在眾多領(lǐng)域中具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文采用靜電紡絲技術(shù)制備一維納米雜化材料,通過無機(jī)組分的加入使其具備獨(dú)特的功能性,經(jīng)過預(yù)氧化、高溫碳化、中溫磷化和聚合物包覆、碳化等處理過程,成功制備功能化的一維納米雜化材料,并探究其在電化學(xué)催化析氫催化劑和鋰離子電池負(fù)極材料中的應(yīng)用。本論文研究分為兩個(gè)部分。其一,將四水合乙酸鈷(Co(Ac)2·4H2O)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)共混,采用靜電紡絲法制備一維納米雜化材料Co@PVP,再經(jīng)過200°C的預(yù)氧化,在空氣中煅燒到550°C、2 h后得到一維中空納米雜化材料四氧化三鈷(Co3O4),再將得到的四氧化三鈷與次亞磷酸鈉(NaH2PO2)以一定的比例混合,在惰性氣體保護(hù)下300°C中溫磷化2 h,即成功制備得到一維中空納米材料Co P,該一維納米材料作為析氫催化劑時(shí),在10 mA cm-2的電流密度下,只有-152 mV的過電位,說明其催化效率高,能量轉(zhuǎn)化效果好。循環(huán)10 h后催化活性幾乎沒有衰減,說明材料的催化穩(wěn)定性好。其二,將納米硅(Si)顆粒與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)混合。靜電紡絲過程的獨(dú)特之處在于將鋁箔改用水接收,然后置于0~3°C的水溶液中聚合吡咯,之后在惰性氣體下850°C,高溫碳化2 h。最終成功制備得到具有多級(jí)孔結(jié)構(gòu)的一維納米雜化纖維材料Si@NC。將其組裝成半電池測(cè)試電化學(xué)性能,在100圈的充放電循環(huán)以及倍率性能測(cè)試中,當(dāng)電流密度由2 A g-1變?yōu)樽畛醯?.1 A g-1時(shí),其比容量高達(dá)910 mA h g-1,為同電流密度下電池初始比容量的100%,說明材料具有優(yōu)異的倍率性能;而在1 A g-1的電流密度下循環(huán)測(cè)試200圈后,其放電比容量仍有515 mA h g-1,占1 A g-1電流密度下首次放電比容量(697 mA h g-1)的74%,說明該Si@NC具有優(yōu)異的循環(huán)性能,有望作為一個(gè)理想的鋰離子電池負(fù)極材料得到應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the development of human civilization, many problems need to be solved, such as environmental pollution and energy crisis. Achieving green energy. In the field of energy conversion and energy storage systems, there is a general consensus that one-dimensional nanomaterials (including nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.) have high specific surface areas, Macroporosity and great aspect ratio are considered as one of the most ideal materials. Electrostatic spinning technology has been widely concerned and deeply studied since it was first discovered in 1934. Electrospinning is one of the effective methods to fabricate nanofibers on a large scale and has been applied to various research fields. Compared with other methods for preparing one-dimensional nano-materials, this method has the advantages of simple operation equipment and low spinning cost. There are many kinds of textile fibers and the morphology of the fibers is controllable. The one-dimensional nanomaterials prepared by this method have large specific surface area and high porosity. Advantages such as large aspect ratio. Organic combination of one-dimensional nanomaterials with functional components by adding functional components, The preparation of one-dimensional nano-hybrid materials has a broad application prospect in many fields. In this paper, one-dimensional nano-hybrid materials are prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The one-dimensional nano-hybrid materials have unique functions and are preoxidized by the addition of inorganic components. The functionalized one-dimensional nano-hybrid materials were successfully prepared by high-temperature carbonization, medium-temperature phosphating and polymer coating, carbonization and so on. Its application in electrochemical catalytic hydrogen evolution catalyst and anode materials for lithium ion batteries was investigated. The study was divided into two parts. First, the blends of cobalt acetate tetrahydrate (CoAcN) 2 路4H 2O and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared. The one-dimensional nano-hybrid Costep PVP was prepared by electrospinning method and then preoxidized at 200 擄C. After calcined in the air for 2 h, the one-dimensional hollow nano-hybrid material cobalt trioxide (Co _ 3O _ 4O _ 4) was prepared, and then mixed with NaH _ 2PO _ 2 (NaH _ 2PO _ 2) in a certain proportion. The one-dimensional hollow nano-material Co P was successfully prepared under the protection of inert gas at 300 擄C for 2 h at medium temperature. When the one-dimensional nanomaterials were used as catalysts for hydrogen evolution, there was only -152mV overpotential at the current density of 10mA cm-2, which indicated that the catalytic efficiency was high. The effect of energy conversion is good. After 10 hours of cycle, the catalytic activity has almost no decay, which indicates that the catalytic stability of the material is good. The nano-SiSi particles were mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The unique feature of the electrostatic spinning process was that the aluminum foil was replaced with water and then placed in a water solution of 0 ~ 3 擄C to polymerize pyrrole. After carbonation at high temperature for 2 h at 850 擄C in the inert gas, the one-dimensional nano-hybrid fiber material Siforeign NCwith multilevel pore structure was successfully prepared. It was assembled into a semi-battery to test the electrochemical performance, and the electrochemical performance was tested in 100 cycles of charge and discharge cycles and rate performance tests. When the current density changed from 2 A g -1 to the initial 0.1 A g -1, the specific capacity of the cell reached 910 Ma h g -1, which was 100% of the initial specific capacity of the battery at the same current density, indicating that the material had excellent rate performance. The specific discharge capacity of the Si@NC is still 515mAhg-1 at current density of 1 A g ~ (-1), accounting for 697 Ma 路g ~ (-1) of the initial discharge capacity at 1 A g ~ (-1), which indicates that the Si@NC has excellent cycling performance. It is expected to be an ideal anode material for lithium ion batteries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;TM912

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1603433