本文選題：新能源　切入點(diǎn)：燃煤機(jī)組　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能減排等觀念得到各國(guó)普遍認(rèn)同,風(fēng)電、光伏發(fā)電等不穩(wěn)定性極強(qiáng)的新能源越來(lái)越多的被開(kāi)發(fā)利用、并網(wǎng)發(fā)電。為了消納新能源,并考慮到我國(guó)用電負(fù)荷峰谷差逐漸加大的現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)電機(jī)組不得不進(jìn)行深度調(diào)峰。而基于我國(guó)特殊的電源結(jié)構(gòu),火電機(jī)組占主導(dǎo)地位,其中又以燃煤機(jī)組居多,為保障電網(wǎng)的平穩(wěn)安全運(yùn)行,燃煤機(jī)組參與深度調(diào)峰勢(shì)在必行。因此研究燃煤機(jī)組參與深度調(diào)峰的可行性具有重要意義。本文針對(duì)當(dāng)前我國(guó)電力裝機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)各類(lèi)型機(jī)組的調(diào)峰性能進(jìn)行了分析比較,結(jié)果表明:核電機(jī)組調(diào)峰深度有限,調(diào)峰經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性都不高;燃?xì)鈾C(jī)組的燃料和運(yùn)行成本過(guò)高;水電站受地域限制大且調(diào)峰成本較高;另外,核電、氣電和抽水蓄能電站在我國(guó)的裝機(jī)占比過(guò)小,總的調(diào)峰容量非常有限,因此,這幾種電源都無(wú)法承擔(dān)深度調(diào)峰的主力任務(wù)。燃煤機(jī)組存量大,運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富,調(diào)峰性能適中,因此堪當(dāng)大任。燃煤機(jī)組參與深度調(diào)峰,勢(shì)必會(huì)在更低的負(fù)荷下運(yùn)行,因此有必要了解其在更低負(fù)荷下的熱力特性和安全性。燃煤機(jī)組在低負(fù)荷下運(yùn)行時(shí),煙氣溫度降低,蒸汽量和煙氣量都減少,易發(fā)生的爐膛燃燒不穩(wěn)定等問(wèn)題。對(duì)此本文提供了諸如降低著火熱、增加著火供熱、配煤等低負(fù)荷穩(wěn)燃手段,并進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。此外,熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組在電力系統(tǒng)中占比很大,而且由于我國(guó)的“以熱定電”政策,其參與調(diào)峰的能力較差。本文介紹了“熱點(diǎn)解耦”條件下四種可能提高熱電聯(lián)產(chǎn)機(jī)組調(diào)峰性能的手段,分別是主蒸汽旁路補(bǔ)償法、電加熱補(bǔ)償法、儲(chǔ)熱補(bǔ)償法以及電加熱+儲(chǔ)能聯(lián)合補(bǔ)償法。
[Abstract]:With the concept of environmental protection, energy saving and emission reduction widely accepted by all countries, wind power, photovoltaic power generation and other highly volatile new energy sources are increasingly being developed and used, connected to grid power generation. In order to absorb new energy, Considering the increasing power load peak and valley difference in our country, the generator set has to carry out deep peak-shaving. Based on the special power supply structure of our country, the thermal power unit occupies the leading position, among which the coal-fired unit is the majority. In order to ensure the smooth and safe operation of power grid, it is imperative for coal-fired units to participate in deep peak-shaving. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the feasibility of coal-fired units participating in deep peak-shaving. The peak-shaving performance of various types of units is analyzed and compared. The results show that the peak-shaving depth of nuclear power unit is limited, the economy and security of peak-shaving are not high, the fuel and operation cost of gas-fired unit is too high. The hydropower station is limited by the region and the cost of peak shaving is high. In addition, the installed power station of nuclear power, gas and pumped storage power station is too small in our country, and the total peak-shaving capacity is very limited, so, These power sources are unable to undertake the main tasks of deep peak shaving. Coal-fired units have a large stock, have rich operation experience, and have moderate peak-shaving performance, so they are worthy of great responsibility. If coal-fired units participate in deep peak-shaving, they are bound to operate under lower loads. Therefore, it is necessary to understand its thermodynamic characteristics and safety under lower load. When the coal-fired unit operates under low load, the flue gas temperature decreases, and the amount of steam and smoke decreases. In this paper, some low load stable combustion methods such as reducing fire heat, increasing ignition and heating, blending coal and so on are introduced in detail. In addition, the heat and power cogeneration units account for a large proportion of the power system. Because of our country's policy of "fixing power by heat", its ability to participate in peak-shaving is poor. This paper introduces four ways to improve the peak-shaving performance of cogeneration units under the condition of "hot spot decoupling", which are the main steam bypass compensation method, respectively. Compensation method for electric heating, compensation for heat storage and combined compensation for energy storage by electric heating.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM73

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