本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚多巴胺 氮摻雜 多孔碳材料 能量存儲 超級電容器　出處：《長春工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：多孔碳材料由于高的比表面積,優(yōu)異的電子傳導(dǎo)率,良好的化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等優(yōu)點在超級電容器的電極材料領(lǐng)域被廣泛研究。但與其他類型的電極材料如金屬氧化物和導(dǎo)電聚合物相比,基于碳的電極材料的比電容和能量密度仍然較低。為了提高多孔碳材料的電化學(xué)性能,一種有效的方法是向材料中引入雜原子和官能團。例如摻雜氮原子,與單純的多孔碳材料相比,氮摻雜能提高材料的電導(dǎo)率和濕潤性,但制備過程耗時,或有危險,活化過程容易對環(huán)境造成污染。因此,研究制備過程無污染,電化學(xué)性能好的多孔碳材料對電極材料的發(fā)展有重要意義。氮摻雜的多孔碳材料做電極材料時主要是通過電荷在電極表面的積累以及材料表面的含氮官能團的氧化還原反應(yīng)來存儲電荷,具有比表面積大,循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性好等特點。但這類材料往往氮摻雜率較低,制備過程繁瑣且污染環(huán)境,限制了其實際應(yīng)用。本文首先利用生物小分子多巴胺在堿性條件下自聚合形成650±38nm平均粒徑的聚多巴胺(polydopamine,PDA)球,然后在活化劑KOH存在下高溫煅燒PDA球制備出了氮摻雜多孔碳材料,避免了氮摻雜的復(fù)雜過程和硬模板的應(yīng)用。通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、X-射線粉末衍射(XRD)、X-射線光電子能譜(XPS)和Raman光譜等對所制備的氮摻雜多孔碳材料進行了形貌及結(jié)構(gòu)組成的表征。系統(tǒng)研究了煅燒溫度對材料結(jié)構(gòu)組成、孔特性及電化學(xué)性能的影響。利用KOH做活化劑700℃高溫碳化后,制備出的碳材料PDA-KOH-700比表面積和孔體積分別可達到1469.49 m2g-1和0.8527 cm3g-1。在6mol·L-1KOH電解液中,采用循環(huán)伏安、恒電流充放電對多孔碳材料的電化學(xué)性能進行了研究。結(jié)果表明,由于雙電層電容和贗電容的協(xié)同作用,在電流密度為1 A·g-1時比電容可達到269 F·g-1,充放電循環(huán)1000圈后電容仍可保留初始值的93.5%,并且大功率密度下仍然保持較高的能量密度。這些結(jié)果表明,PDA-KOH-700在應(yīng)用于超級電容器電極材料方面有很好的前景。
[Abstract]:Porous carbon materials have excellent electron conductivity due to their high specific surface area. The advantages of good chemical stability have been widely studied in the field of electrode materials for supercapacitors, but compared with other types of electrode materials such as metal oxides and conductive polymers. The specific capacitance and energy density of carbon-based electrode materials are still low. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of porous carbon materials, an effective method is to introduce hetero-atoms and functional groups into the materials, such as doped nitrogen atoms. Compared with the pure porous carbon materials, nitrogen doping can improve the conductivity and wettability of the materials, but the preparation process is time-consuming or dangerous, the activation process is easy to pollute the environment. Therefore, the preparation process has no pollution. Porous carbon materials with good electrochemical properties are of great significance to the development of electrode materials. Nitrogen doped porous carbon materials are mainly used as electrode materials through the accumulation of charge on the electrode surface and the oxygen of nitrogen-containing functional groups on the surface of the materials. The reduction reaction to store the charge. This kind of material is characterized by large surface area and good cycling stability. However, this kind of material often has low nitrogen doping rate, cumbersome preparation process and pollution of the environment. The practical application of dopamine was limited. Firstly, polydopamine with 650 鹵38 nm average particle size was synthesized by self-polymerization of biological small molecule dopamine in alkaline condition. Nitrogen doped porous carbon materials were prepared by calcining PDA spheres at high temperature in the presence of activator KOH. The complex process of nitrogen doping and the application of hard template are avoided. By means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is carried out. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectra were used to characterize the morphology and structure of nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials. The effect of pore characteristics and electrochemical properties. KOH was used as activator after high temperature carbonization at 700 鈩，

本文編號：1463491