本文關(guān)鍵詞：開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)控制策略研究　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī) 電流斬波控制 直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制 轉(zhuǎn)矩分配控制 實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺設(shè)計(jì)

【摘要】：近年來隨著電力電子技術(shù)和各種微處理器技術(shù)的發(fā)展,基于開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)(SRM)的調(diào)速系統(tǒng)受到了廣大學(xué)者的關(guān)注。作為一種新型調(diào)速系統(tǒng),它結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低、運(yùn)行可靠、調(diào)速范圍廣,在電動汽車、航天航空、工業(yè)自動化等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但自身的雙凸極結(jié)構(gòu)和磁鏈非線性特性使其在運(yùn)行過程中產(chǎn)生了轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動現(xiàn)象,這限制了開關(guān)磁阻的進(jìn)一步推廣應(yīng)用,如何有效抑制轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動已經(jīng)成為開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的一個研究熱點(diǎn)。因此,本文以減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動為目標(biāo),選擇直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制策略和轉(zhuǎn)矩分配控制策略作為研究方向,從調(diào)速系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的角度闡明如何實(shí)現(xiàn)這兩種控制理論。本文首先介紹了開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的發(fā)展概況及目前控制策略的研究現(xiàn)狀,還有其運(yùn)行原理、數(shù)學(xué)模型。開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的雙凸極結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)致其運(yùn)行時(shí)磁鏈具有嚴(yán)重的非線性特點(diǎn),且磁路極易飽和,難以精確建立本體模型,本文采用有限元法分析其電磁特性,得到磁鏈和轉(zhuǎn)矩的離散數(shù)據(jù),利用查表法建立電機(jī)本體模型。搭建基于PID的電流斬波控制調(diào)速系統(tǒng),并分析其運(yùn)行性能,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在電流斬波控制策略下電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩整體趨勢較為平穩(wěn),但轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動幅值較大,而且抗負(fù)載擾動性的動態(tài)響應(yīng)慢。為減小轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動并提高調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,本文首先借鑒了交流電機(jī)調(diào)速中廣泛使用的直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制(DTC)思想,結(jié)合開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)功率變換器的開關(guān)狀態(tài)建立合理的空間電壓矢量,對轉(zhuǎn)矩進(jìn)行直接控制。并通過搭建仿真模型分析其各種情況下的運(yùn)行性能,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制確實(shí)可以有效減少轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動,但運(yùn)行中各相產(chǎn)生的負(fù)輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩降低了電機(jī)的運(yùn)行效率。接下來對另一種抑制轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動效果較好的控制策略——轉(zhuǎn)矩分配控制策略(TSC)進(jìn)行研究分析,通過利用轉(zhuǎn)矩分配函數(shù)將期望轉(zhuǎn)矩分配給各相,各相轉(zhuǎn)矩疊加實(shí)現(xiàn)開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的恒轉(zhuǎn)矩控制,本文采用余弦型分配函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩分配控制。同樣搭建仿真模型分析運(yùn)行情況,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)矩分配控制不僅在低速時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動很小,在高速運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下轉(zhuǎn)矩幅值的波動也不大,同時(shí)調(diào)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩控制性能良好,轉(zhuǎn)矩抑制效果明顯。最后,基于DSPTMS320F2812控制芯片搭建開關(guān)磁阻電機(jī)調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,進(jìn)行軟硬件的設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of power electronics and microprocessor technology, based on switched reluctance motor (SRM) speed control system by the attention of scholars. As a new type of speed control system, it has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable operation, wide speed range, in electric vehicles, aerospace, industrial automation and other fields a wide range of applications. But its structure and nonlinear characteristics of doubly salient flux to produce torque ripple phenomenon in the operation process, which limits the further application of switched reluctance, how to effectively restrain the torque ripple has become a hot research topic in the switched reluctance motor. Therefore, in this paper, aiming at reducing the torque ripple, select control the control strategy and the torque distribution as the research direction of direct torque control system, from the design point of view, expounds how to realize the two kinds of control theory in this paper. On the current situation of development of switched reluctance motor and the control strategy, and its operation principle, mathematical model of switched reluctance motor. The double salient structure leads to the operation of flux has nonlinear characteristics of serious, and very easy to magnetic saturation, it is difficult to establish the ontology model, this paper analyses the electromagnetic characteristics obtained by finite element method. The discrete data of flux and torque, using look-up table method to establish the ontology model was set up. The PID motor current chopper speed control system based on the analysis of its operating performance, can be found in the overall trend of motor current chopping control strategy is relatively stable, but the amplitude of the torque ripple, and anti disturbance of the slow dynamic response. In order to reduce the torque ripple and improve the stability of control system, this paper first uses the direct torque widely used in AC motor speed control (DTC),. The switch state of the switch reluctance motor power converter to establish reasonable voltage space vector, the direct control of torque. And through building simulation model and performance analysis of the various circumstances, can be found in direct torque control can effectively reduce the torque ripple, but the negative output torque of each phase in the operation of the lower operation efficiency of motor the next control strategy for another better -- the suppression of torque ripple torque distribution control strategy (TSC) was analyzed, by using the torque distribution function will be assigned to the desired torque of each phase, each phase torque superposition to achieve constant torque control of switched reluctance motor, this paper adopts cosine distribution function realization of switched reluctance torque distribution motor control. Also the simulation model analysis of the operation, can be found not only in the low speed torque distribution control torque ripple is Small, the fluctuation of torque amplitude is not large at high speed operation. Meanwhile, the speed and torque control performance is good, and the torque suppression effect is obvious. Finally, based on the DSPTMS320F2812 control chip, we build the experimental platform of switched reluctance motor speed control system, and design the software and hardware.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM352

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