本文關(guān)鍵詞：政府干預(yù)對我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩的影響研究　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國經(jīng)濟得到了飛速發(fā)展,但同時產(chǎn)能過剩問題一直是困擾我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的一大難題,在傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩問題尚未解決的情況下,一些戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)也出現(xiàn)了不同程度的產(chǎn)能過剩問題,嚴(yán)重制約了我國經(jīng)濟的進一步發(fā)展,因此,研究產(chǎn)能過剩的形成原因,找到對應(yīng)的解決方法,對于優(yōu)化我國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、促進經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。太陽能具有清潔、無污染和用之不竭的特點,在當(dāng)前資源日益枯竭和環(huán)境污染愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重的背景下,光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)成為未來產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的選擇,受到各個國家政府的高度重視。微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)指出市場因壟斷、外部性以及信息不對稱等缺陷會出現(xiàn)市場失靈的情況,這個時候就需要政府這只"看得見的手"來干預(yù)經(jīng)濟,彌補市場失靈,實現(xiàn)國家宏觀調(diào)控經(jīng)濟的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)成本—收益原則,政府干預(yù)也存在邊界,如果政府干預(yù)適當(dāng),能夠促進資源的優(yōu)化配置,讓經(jīng)濟達到帕累托最優(yōu)的狀態(tài)。但是考慮到我國的實際國情,由于地方政府的"法團化"趨勢、土地產(chǎn)權(quán)模糊、軟預(yù)算約束等問題的存在,使得地方政府在干預(yù)經(jīng)濟過程中往往會忽視成本—收益原則而超出政府干預(yù)邊界,導(dǎo)致政府干預(yù)失靈。作為戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)的光伏產(chǎn)業(yè),我國政府曾出臺過許多政策措施來支持它的發(fā)展。不可否認(rèn),在光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展初期,政府干預(yù)對光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展起到了重要的推動作用。然而,隨著光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的深入發(fā)展,很多地方政府忽略了產(chǎn)品的市場需求,依然大力上馬光伏項目,造成光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的過度投資,產(chǎn)品供給遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出市場需求,導(dǎo)致光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的產(chǎn)能過剩問題。本文從政府補貼、土地成本價格的扭曲以及金融支持水平三個方面探討了我國政府干預(yù)對光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩的影響情況,并將光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)分為上、中、下三個環(huán)節(jié),運用生產(chǎn)函數(shù)法來測度各個生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)以及產(chǎn)業(yè)整體的產(chǎn)能利用率,并實證研究了政府干預(yù)對光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)產(chǎn)能過剩的影響,研究結(jié)果表明,政府在干預(yù)光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的過程中,往往會出現(xiàn)越界現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致政府干預(yù)失靈,加劇了光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)能過剩問題。因此,本文認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該通過完善官員績效考核制度、加快要素市場改革、加強金融預(yù)算約束、加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整以及改善行業(yè)創(chuàng)新環(huán)境五個方面來改善我國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)能過剩問題。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been rapid development, but at the same time, the problem of overcapacity has been a major problem that perplexes the economic development of our country, while the problem of overcapacity in traditional industries has not been solved. Some strategic emerging industries have also appeared the problem of overcapacity to varying degrees, which seriously restricts the further development of our economy. Therefore, we should study the causes of overcapacity and find corresponding solutions. It is of great significance to optimize the industrial structure of our country and promote the sustainable development of economy. Solar energy is clean, pollution-free and inexhaustible. Under the background of increasingly exhausted resources and more serious environmental pollution, photovoltaic industry has become the choice of industry development in the future, which is highly valued by the governments of various countries. Microeconomics points out that the market is monopolized. The defects such as externality and information asymmetry will lead to market failure. At this time, the "visible hand" of the government is needed to intervene in the economy and make up for the market failure. According to the cost-benefit principle, the government intervention also has the boundary. If the government intervention is appropriate, it can promote the optimal allocation of resources. Let the economy reach the Pareto optimal state. But considering the actual situation of our country, due to the local government "corporate" trend, land property rights are fuzzy, soft budget constraints and other problems. In the process of economic intervention, local governments often ignore the cost-benefit principle and exceed the boundaries of government intervention, which leads to government intervention failure. As a strategic emerging industry, photovoltaic industry. Our government has introduced many policies and measures to support its development. Undeniably, in the early stage of the development of photovoltaic industry, government intervention has played an important role in promoting the rapid development of photovoltaic industry. With the further development of photovoltaic industry, many local governments ignore the market demand of products, still vigorously start photovoltaic projects, resulting in excessive investment in the photovoltaic industry, product supply far beyond the market demand. As a result of the photovoltaic industry there is a serious problem of overcapacity. The distortion of land cost and price and the level of financial support discussed the impact of government intervention on the excess capacity of photovoltaic industry, and divided the photovoltaic industry into the upper, middle, and the next three links. Using the method of production function to measure the capacity utilization ratio of each production link and industry as a whole, and the empirical study of the impact of government intervention on the excess capacity of photovoltaic industry, the research results show that. In the process of government intervention in the development of photovoltaic industry, there is often a phenomenon of crossing the border, which leads to government intervention failure, which exacerbates the problem of excess capacity in photovoltaic industry. This paper argues that the government should improve the performance appraisal system of officials, accelerate the reform of factor market, and strengthen the financial budget constraints. Speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure and improving the innovation environment of the industry to improve the problem of overcapacity in China's photovoltaic industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.61

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