【摘要】：水下航行體通氣超空泡彈道是一個(gè)極為復(fù)雜的固-氣-液三相介質(zhì)流固耦合動力學(xué)問題，也是目前倍受關(guān)注的工程技術(shù)熱點(diǎn)問題。本論文從通氣超空泡內(nèi)部流場的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬出發(fā)，探討氣-水兩相介質(zhì)的耦合動力學(xué)機(jī)制以及回轉(zhuǎn)航行體在通氣超空泡流場中的動力學(xué)行為，進(jìn)而建立了水下回轉(zhuǎn)航行體通氣超空泡彈道方程。 本論文采用實(shí)驗(yàn)、理論和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的研究方法，開展的具體研究工作和取得的主要研究成果如下： （1）通氣空泡內(nèi)部流場DPIV實(shí)驗(yàn)研究 包括兩個(gè)方面：通氣空泡內(nèi)部流場DPIV測試方法和DPIV實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。對于前者，，解決了適用于氣液兩相流動的示蹤粒子選取、通入與布撒等問題；分析了因多相流動、存在氣-液兩相介質(zhì)曲面界面以及光線折射和反射等所導(dǎo)致的超空泡內(nèi)部流動圖像失真以及水流場粒子散射所造成的光斑干擾等問題，提出了由實(shí)驗(yàn)原始圖像和數(shù)據(jù)到真實(shí)圖像和數(shù)據(jù)的還原與修正處理方法；編制了還原與修正計(jì)算程序，形成了DPIV實(shí)驗(yàn)圖像與數(shù)據(jù)處理的工具和手段。對于后者，針對兩種典型彈體模型，進(jìn)行了共計(jì)16種工況的通氣超空泡流場DPIV測試，獲得了大量有價(jià)值的基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，給出了關(guān)于超空泡內(nèi)部流場結(jié)構(gòu)和流動規(guī)律的直觀認(rèn)識。 （2）通氣超空泡內(nèi)部流動三維數(shù)值模擬 采用FLUENT軟件，進(jìn)行了共計(jì)36種工況的數(shù)值計(jì)算，計(jì)算結(jié)果與DPIV實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相互印證，表明DPIV用于通氣超空泡內(nèi)部流場測試的實(shí)用性和有效性以及數(shù)值模型與計(jì)算結(jié)果的合理性和正確性；數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果揭示了通氣空泡內(nèi)部流場由通氣孔附近的射流區(qū)和占空泡大部的回流區(qū)所組成的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特征，并得到了通氣與環(huán)境條件（通氣率、通氣角度和來流速度等）對射流區(qū)和回流區(qū)尺度的影響規(guī)律；數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果還給出了不同通氣率、來流速度以及來流方向的通氣空泡內(nèi)部流場流速、壓力等分布特性及其影響規(guī)律，分析了空泡壁面附近氣流剪切層流動特性，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對通氣空泡內(nèi)部復(fù)雜流場的細(xì)致描述。 （3）通氣空泡壁面動力學(xué)行為研究 通過實(shí)驗(yàn)與數(shù)值模擬獲得了考慮空泡內(nèi)部氣體動力作用的壓力和沖擊邊界條件，建立了考慮通氣氣流動能效應(yīng)以及內(nèi)部流場壓力分布規(guī)律的空泡壁面發(fā)展與振蕩動力學(xué)模型；進(jìn)行了通氣超空泡高速攝影實(shí)驗(yàn)，對振蕩空泡壁面的圖像辨識和振蕩曲線頻譜進(jìn)行了分析，建立了通氣空泡振蕩經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式；對比分析證明了所建理論模型的合理性。 （4）通氣超空泡彈道方程研究 綜合考慮通氣空泡兩相流場對航行體氣相邊界層沖擊作用、氣體回流沖擊作用以及徑向振蕩水流沖擊作用等，建立了回轉(zhuǎn)航行體載荷計(jì)算模型，在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了考慮通氣空泡非定常多相流場環(huán)境的彈道方程。
[Abstract]:The supercavitation trajectory of underwater vehicle ventilation is a very complex fluid-solid coupling dynamics problem in solid-gas-liquid three-phase medium, and it is also a hot issue in engineering technology at present. Based on the basic experiments and numerical simulation of the flow field in the ventilated supercavitation, the coupling dynamic mechanism of the gas-water two-phase medium and the dynamic behavior of the rotating spacer in the ventilated supercavitation flow field are discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the hypercavitation trajectory equation of underwater rotating vehicle ventilation is established. In this paper, the research method of combining experiment, theory and numerical simulation is adopted. The specific research work and the main research results are as follows: (1) the experimental study of DPIV in ventilated vacuole includes two aspects: DPIV test method and DPIV experimental study. For the former, the problems of tracer particle selection, penetration and distribution suitable for gas-liquid two-phase flow are solved. The distortion of flow image in supercavitation caused by multiphase flow, the interface of gas-liquid two-phase dielectric surface, the refraction and reflection of light, and the spot interference caused by particle scattering in water flow field are analyzed. The method of restoring and modifying the original image and data from the experiment to the real image and data is put forward. The reduction and correction calculation program is compiled, and the tools and means of DPIV experimental image and data processing are formed. For the latter, for two typical bullet models, the DPIV tests of ventilation supercavitation flow field under a total of 16 working conditions were carried out, and a large number of valuable basic experimental data were obtained. The intuitionistic understanding of the flow field structure and flow law in supercavitation is given. (2) the three-dimensional numerical simulation of the internal flow of ventilated supercavitation is carried out by using FLUENT software, and the numerical calculation of 36 working conditions is carried out, and the calculated results are confirmed with the experimental results of DPIV. It is shown that DPIV is practical and effective in measuring the flow field in ventilated supercavitation, and the rationality and correctness of the numerical model and the calculated results are also shown. The numerical simulation results reveal the basic structural characteristics of the flow field in the ventilated vacuole, which is composed of the jet area near the vent and the reflux area, which accounts for most of the vacuole, and the ventilation and environmental conditions (ventilation rate) are obtained. The influence of ventilation angle and incoming velocity on the scale of jet zone and reflux region; The numerical simulation results also give the distribution characteristics and influence laws of flow velocity and pressure in ventilated cavitation with different ventilation rate, incoming flow velocity and incoming flow direction, and analyze the flow characteristics of air flow shear layer near the cavitation wall. The complex flow field in ventilated vacuole is described in detail. (3) the dynamic behavior of ventilated bubble wall is studied by experiments and numerical simulation, and the pressure and impact boundary conditions considering the hydrodynamic action in cavitation are obtained. A dynamic model of cavitation wall development and oscillation is established, which takes into account the effect of gas flow energy and the pressure distribution of internal flow field. The high speed photography experiment of ventilated supercavitation was carried out, the image identification of oscillatory cavitation wall and the spectrum of oscillatory curve were analyzed, and the empirical formula of ventilated cavitation oscillations was established, and the rationality of the theoretical model was proved by comparative analysis. (4) study on the trajectory equation of ventilated supercavitation considering the impact of ventilated bubble two-phase flow field on the gas boundary layer of the navigational body, the impact of gas reflux and the impact of radial oscillatory flow, etc. The load calculation model of rotating craft is established, on the basis of which the ballistic equation considering the unstable multiphase flow field of ventilated cavitation is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U661.1

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