【摘要】：船舶壓載水系統(tǒng)根據(jù)船舶的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),調(diào)節(jié)全船壓載艙的載水量,使整船的吃水得到控制,保證船體橫向、縱向的平穩(wěn),避免空艙時船體上過大的彎曲力矩與剪切力。船舶壓載水循環(huán)造成了海水的地域性流動,為物種及病菌的地域性轉(zhuǎn)移提供了媒介,近年來海洋外來物種入侵的問題日益嚴(yán)重,壓載水管理也成為了相關(guān)部門重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問題。在此背景下,一套可靠的船舶壓載水處理系統(tǒng)將會極大的提高港口生態(tài)安全等級,杜絕工作人員抽樣檢測壓載水過程中的弄虛作假行為,提高船舶的運(yùn)行效率,同時有效的降低壓載水管理成本,從客觀上增加壓載水管理實(shí)效。 本文深入調(diào)研了行業(yè)常用的壓載水處理技術(shù),研究了國內(nèi)外使用比較廣泛的壓載水處理配套產(chǎn)品,設(shè)計了一套基于微控制器的壓載水電解處理系統(tǒng),整個設(shè)計過程中完成的主要任務(wù)如下： 第一,設(shè)計了壓載水電解系統(tǒng)的整體硬件構(gòu)架,介紹了系統(tǒng)中主要設(shè)備。第二,自主設(shè)計了一個基于ARM微控制器的壓載水處理系統(tǒng)控制板卡,描述了板卡的硬件電路架構(gòu)、主要元器件選型、關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的電路原理圖設(shè)計過程、PCB板的防潮處理工藝,整個板卡硬件可靠成本合理,可以保證在潮濕的船舶上穩(wěn)定工作。第三,設(shè)計了壓載水處理系統(tǒng)控制程序,具體描述了嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)的部署、外圍硬件的驅(qū)動程序設(shè)計,整個系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,不會出現(xiàn)電磁干擾后的假死現(xiàn)象；另外,描述了抗飽和積分PID控制算法的C語言實(shí)現(xiàn),解決了累加積分引起的系統(tǒng)的震蕩和超調(diào)。第四,利用MCGS通用組態(tài)軟件設(shè)計了壓載水處理系統(tǒng)上位機(jī)控制界面,工作人員在上位機(jī)界面可以直接控制壓載水處理過程,檢測處理過程中的各種變量。
[Abstract]:According to the running state of the ship, the ship ballast water system adjusts the carrying capacity of the whole ship ballast cabin, controls the draught of the whole ship, ensures the transverse and longitudinal stability of the hull, and avoids the excessive bending moment and shear force on the hull in the empty cabin. Ship ballast water cycle causes the regional flow of seawater and provides a medium for the regional transfer of species and germs. In recent years, the problem of marine alien species invasion is becoming more and more serious. Ballast water management has also become a key concern of the relevant departments. Under this background, a set of reliable ship ballast water treatment system will greatly improve the ecological security level of the port, put an end to the false behavior in the process of sampling and testing ballast water by staff, and improve the operation efficiency of the ship. At the same time, effectively reduce the cost of ballast water management, objectively increase the effectiveness of ballast water management. In this paper, the ballast water treatment technology commonly used in the industry is deeply investigated, and the supporting products of ballast water treatment, which are widely used at home and abroad, are studied, and a set of ballast water and water treatment system based on microcontroller is designed. The main tasks completed in the whole design process are as follows: first, the overall hardware architecture of ballast water electrolysis system is designed, and the main equipment in the system is introduced. Secondly, a ballast water treatment system control board based on arm microcontroller is designed independently. The hardware circuit architecture of the board, the selection of the main components, the design process of the circuit schematic diagram of the key links, and the moisture-proof treatment process of the PCB board are described. The whole card hardware is reliable and reasonable, which can ensure the stable operation on the wet ship. Thirdly, the control program of ballast water treatment system is designed, and the deployment of embedded operating system and the driver design of peripheral hardware are described in detail. the whole system runs stably and there will be no false death after electromagnetic interference. In addition, the C language implementation of the anti-saturation integral PID control algorithm is described, which solves the vibration and overshoot of the system caused by the cumulative integral. Fourth, the upper computer control interface of ballast water treatment system is designed by using MCGS general configuration software. The staff can directly control the ballast water treatment process and detect all kinds of variables in the treatment process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U664.92

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