【摘要】：水下航行器在許多國家得到越來越普遍的運(yùn)用。它不僅能夠完成對敵人軍艦或潛艇的偵查和攻擊，而且還能用于海洋科學(xué)的研究、勘探和科學(xué)偵測。然而隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的高度發(fā)展，水下航行器的開發(fā)和優(yōu)化得到了各個國家越來越高的重視。特別是在軍事方面，水下航行器的隱蔽性是其發(fā)揮自身作戰(zhàn)功能的最重要條件。因此如何降低水下航行器的振動和噪聲一直是國內(nèi)外學(xué)者關(guān)注和研究的熱點問題。而作為水下航行器的主要噪聲來源的結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲，也就成為了大多數(shù)學(xué)者研究的重點問題。結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲是水下航行器的動力裝置運(yùn)行時所產(chǎn)生不平衡力或者力矩所引起的，所以對于外激勵對水下航行器聲振特性影響的研究有著十分重要的意義。 本文針對不同類型的激勵對所建立模型的聲振特性的影響規(guī)律做了研究。首先建立一個錐-柱結(jié)合的殼體模型，運(yùn)用極限假設(shè)和傳遞矩陣的方法得到整個模型的振動方程。利用MATLAB軟件計算得到模型的模態(tài)頻率，將所得數(shù)值計算結(jié)果與有限元仿真計算結(jié)果做了比較，驗證了所用方法的正確性。隨后將激勵力或力矩進(jìn)行模態(tài)分解后施加在模型上，嘗試推導(dǎo)了模型在有激勵情況下的振動方程和輻射聲功率。最后在有限元軟件ANSYS中分別建立軸對稱圓柱殼體的有限元模型和非軸對稱橢圓柱殼體的有限元模型，在SYSNOISE中計算分析了不同類型的激勵對模型聲振特性的影響規(guī)律、模型的部分結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和激勵的位置對模型聲振特性的影響規(guī)律。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：軸向力矩激勵對模型聲振特性的影響起主要作用；模型的殼體厚度增加可以有效的降低外激勵對模型聲振特性的影響；軸對稱模型柱殼段內(nèi)環(huán)肋數(shù)目的增加和非軸對稱模型柱殼截面橢圓度的變化對模型聲振特性的影響都較為復(fù)雜；激勵點在中間位置時的聲輻射功率比激勵點靠近模型兩側(cè)位置時的聲輻射功率要高。 本文旨在揭示不同類型的激勵對殼體模型聲振特性的影響規(guī)律，為水下航行器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和動力裝置的布置提供一定參考，，進(jìn)而可以為其減振降噪提供依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:Underwater vehicles are more and more widely used in many countries. It can not only detect and attack enemy warships or submarines, but also be used in marine science research, exploration and scientific detection. However, with the development of modern science and technology, the development and optimization of underwater vehicle has been paid more and more attention by many countries. Especially in military aspect, the concealment of underwater vehicle is the most important condition for it to play its own combat function. Therefore, how to reduce the vibration and noise of underwater vehicle has been the focus of attention and research at home and abroad. As the main source of underwater vehicle noise, structural noise has become the focus of most scholars. The structural noise is caused by the unbalanced force or torque produced by the power plant of the underwater vehicle, so it is of great significance to study the influence of external excitation on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of the underwater vehicle. In this paper, the influence of different types of excitation on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of the model is studied. Firstly, a cone-column combined shell model is established, and the vibration equation of the whole model is obtained by means of limit hypothesis and transfer matrix. The modal frequencies of the model are calculated by using MATLAB software. The numerical results are compared with the results of finite element simulation, and the correctness of the method is verified. Then the excitation force or moment is decomposed and applied to the model, and the vibration equation and radiation sound power of the model are derived. Finally, the finite element models of axisymmetric cylindrical shell and non-axisymmetric ellipsoidal cylindrical shell are established in the finite element software ANSYS. The effects of different types of excitation on the acoustic vibration characteristics of the model are calculated and analyzed in SYSNOISE. The influence of some structural parameters and excitation position of the model on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of the model. The results show that the axial torque excitation plays a major role in the acoustic vibration characteristics of the model, and the shell thickness of the model can effectively reduce the influence of external excitation on the acoustic vibration characteristics of the model. The increase of the number of ring ribs in the cylindrical shell section of the axisymmetric model and the influence of the ellipticity of the cylindrical shell section of the non-axisymmetric model on the acoustic vibration characteristics of the model are complicated. When the excitation point is in the middle position, the acoustic radiation power is higher than that when the excitation point is close to the two sides of the model. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the influence of different types of excitation on the acoustic and vibration characteristics of the shell model, to provide some references for the structural design of the underwater vehicle and the arrangement of the power plant, and to provide the basis and guidance for the vibration and noise reduction of the underwater vehicle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U674.941;U661.44

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