【摘要】：螺旋槳是目前應(yīng)用最為廣泛的推進(jìn)器之一，其運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)于水下會改變水下速度場和壓力場的分布，進(jìn)而會產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的輻射噪聲，這種聲音往往會成為水下探測的關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)。這種噪聲會影響到船舶及艦艇的聲隱身性，進(jìn)而影響艦船的打擊力和生存力，對用于軍事目的的船舶有著至關(guān)重要的影響。螺旋槳通常是工作在船后非均勻尾流場之中，在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中會受到不穩(wěn)定力的作用，進(jìn)而會產(chǎn)生離散音調(diào)噪聲和空化。因此結(jié)合軟件準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)報螺旋槳的空化和噪聲就有了重要的意義。 本文主要是基于螺旋槳基本理論、計算流體力學(xué)、面元法以及Lighthill聲類比理論結(jié)合計算軟件Pumplinx和Actran對某螺旋槳的水動力性能、空化性能以及噪聲性能進(jìn)行了較為系統(tǒng)的分析。分別對螺旋槳定常和非定常水動力性能進(jìn)行了深入研究，并且分析了空化計算模型對空化模擬結(jié)果的影響，最后對螺旋槳空化噪聲和無空化噪聲進(jìn)行了對比分析。 首先，論文對螺旋槳理論方法研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了簡要的敘述，較為系統(tǒng)的總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外對螺旋槳水動力性能、螺旋槳空化性能和噪聲性能的研究方法以及發(fā)展趨勢。 其次，用時域方法求解了螺旋槳的定常和非定常水動力性能，設(shè)定流體為沒有旋度和不可壓縮的理想流體。基于納維-斯托克斯方程運(yùn)用Pumplinx對不同進(jìn)速系數(shù)下的螺旋槳水動力性能進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬，驗(yàn)證了分析方法的正確性及結(jié)合軟件模擬的可行性。得到并分析了流場速度和壓力分布。 再次，基于速度勢的面元法運(yùn)用Pumplinx對螺旋槳片狀空化問題進(jìn)行了數(shù)值預(yù)報，，并分析了螺旋槳空化計算結(jié)果受空化模型、計算階次、螺旋槳進(jìn)速系數(shù)和潛深等因素影響的變化規(guī)律。 最后，基于Lighthill聲類比理論和傅立葉變換結(jié)合聲學(xué)軟件Actran預(yù)報螺旋槳噪聲性能，分析了不同位置處聲壓譜和聲功率譜的特性、噪聲隨距離變化的衰減特性、不同進(jìn)速系數(shù)下的聲壓級云圖等。并進(jìn)一步分析了非均勻進(jìn)流、螺旋槳空化、進(jìn)速系數(shù)（即輕載、正常荷載、重載）等對螺旋槳噪聲的影響。 本文主要的研究工作是對螺旋槳空化以及噪聲性能的預(yù)報研究，對今后船舶工程螺旋槳的設(shè)計研究有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:Propeller is one of the most widely used propellers at present. It can change the distribution of velocity field and pressure field under water, and then produce strong radiation noise, which often becomes the key target of underwater detection. This kind of noise will affect the acoustic stealth of ships and ships, and then affect the impact force and survivability of ships, which has a vital effect on ships used for military purposes. The propeller usually works in the non-uniform wake field behind the ship, which is affected by unstable force in the course of operation, and then produces discrete pitch noise and cavitation. So it is very important to predict cavitation and noise of propeller with software. Based on the basic theory of propeller, computational fluid dynamics, panel method and Lighthill acoustic analogy theory, the hydrodynamic performance, cavitation performance and noise performance of a propeller are analyzed systematically with the combination of Pumplinx and Actran. The steady and unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller are studied, and the influence of cavitation calculation model on cavitation simulation results is analyzed. Finally, the cavitation noise and cavitation noise of propeller are compared and analyzed. Firstly, the research progress of propeller theory and method is briefly described, and the research methods and development trend of propeller hydrodynamic performance, propeller cavitation performance and noise performance are systematically summarized at home and abroad. Secondly, the steady and unsteady hydrodynamic performance of propeller is solved by time-domain method, and the fluid is set as an ideal fluid without curl and incompressibility. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation, the hydrodynamic performance of propeller with different feed coefficients is simulated by using Pumplinx, which verifies the correctness of the analysis method and the feasibility of software simulation. The velocity and pressure distributions of the flow field are obtained and analyzed. Thirdly, the surface element method based on velocity potential is used to predict the propeller blade cavitation problem by using Pumplinx, and the cavitation model and order are analyzed. The variation law of propeller speed advance coefficient and potential depth and other factors. Finally, based on Lighthill acoustic analogy theory and Fourier transform combined with acoustic software Actran to predict propeller noise performance, the characteristics of sound pressure spectrum and sound power spectrum at different positions are analyzed, and the attenuation characteristics of noise varying with distance are analyzed. The sound pressure level cloud diagram with different forward velocity coefficient. The effects of inhomogeneous flow, cavitation of propeller and feed coefficient (i.e. light load, normal load, heavy load) on propeller noise are further analyzed. The main research work in this paper is the prediction of propeller cavitation and noise performance, which is of great significance to the design and research of ship engineering propeller in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U664.33;U661

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