【摘要】：隨著船舶工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，可調(diào)螺距螺旋槳（Controllable Pitch Propeller簡稱調(diào)距槳）逐漸得到了應(yīng)用，特別是在拖船、挖泥船、油田工作船、軍艦等對船舶操縱性具有較高要求的船舶上。但由于調(diào)距槳結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，其故障率比普通定距槳要高，這就在一定程度上限制了調(diào)距槳的普及。因此，本論文以某型調(diào)距槳為研究對象，用基于信號分析的方法對調(diào)距槳狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及故障診斷系統(tǒng)展開了如下的研究： 首先，在查閱大量文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上對機(jī)械設(shè)備狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及故障診斷的常見方法進(jìn)行了回顧，并對虛擬儀器技術(shù)和CAN總線技術(shù)的原理和應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，隨后提出了基于CAN總線技術(shù)和虛擬儀器技術(shù)的調(diào)距槳狀態(tài)監(jiān)測及故障診斷系統(tǒng)。 其次，理論上分析了調(diào)距槳典型故障的機(jī)理和振動特征，通過典型故障的分析確定了傳感器的選型及安裝方式，并設(shè)計了調(diào)距槳故障模擬的具體實施方案。 再次，研究了基于小波分析的調(diào)距槳故障信號提取方法，通過實驗提取到了調(diào)距槳軸系在正常、偏心、不對中、機(jī)械松動等狀態(tài)下的特征信號；研究了基于支持向量機(jī)的調(diào)距槳故障診斷算法，，包括傳統(tǒng)的支持向量機(jī)、基于交叉驗證的支持向量機(jī)和基于遺傳算法的支持向量機(jī)，通過編程仿真得出基于遺傳算法的支持向量機(jī)不僅具有最優(yōu)的分類準(zhǔn)確率，更好的穩(wěn)定性和有效性，而且縮短了故障診斷的周期。 最后，基于CAN總線技術(shù)、Matlab和LabVIEW軟件開發(fā)了調(diào)距槳狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與故障診斷系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測包括調(diào)距槳軸系振動、軸系轉(zhuǎn)速、螺距角、重力油箱液位、液壓系統(tǒng)壓力及溫度在內(nèi)的調(diào)距槳運行參數(shù)，同時還可以對軸系的三種典型故障進(jìn)行報警提示。本系統(tǒng)經(jīng)實驗和長時間的運行證明滿足設(shè)計的要求，達(dá)到了研究的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of ship industry, adjustable pitch propeller (Controllable Pitch Propeller) has been gradually applied, especially in tugboats, dredgers, oil field working ships, warships and other ships with high requirements for ship maneuverability. However, due to the complexity of the structure of the adjustable pitch propeller, its failure rate is higher than that of the ordinary fixed pitch propeller, which limits the popularity of the adjustable pitch propeller to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper takes a certain type of adjustable pitch propeller as the research object, and carries out the following research on the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of the adjustable pitch propeller using the method of signal analysis: first of all, On the basis of consulting a large number of literatures, the common methods of mechanical equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are reviewed, and the principle and application of virtual instrument technology and CAN bus technology are summarized. Then, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of pitch regulating propeller based on CAN bus technology and virtual instrument technology is put forward. Secondly, the mechanism and vibration characteristics of the typical faults of the adjustable pitch propeller are analyzed theoretically, the sensor selection and installation mode are determined through the analysis of the typical faults, and the concrete implementation scheme of the fault simulation of the adjustable pitch propeller is designed. Thirdly, the method of fault signal extraction based on wavelet analysis is studied, and the characteristic signals of the adjustable pitch propeller shafting under normal, eccentric, misalignment and mechanical loosening are extracted through experiments. The fault diagnosis algorithms of pitch control propeller based on support vector machine (SVM) are studied, including traditional support vector machine (SVM), support vector machine (SVM) based on cross validation and support vector machine (SVM) based on genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results show that the support vector machine based on genetic algorithm not only has the best classification accuracy, better stability and effectiveness, but also shortens the period of fault diagnosis. Finally, based on the CAN bus technology, Matlab and LabVIEW software developed the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of the adjustable pitch propeller. The system can monitor the vibration of the adjustable pitch propeller shaft system, the speed of the shaft system, the pitch angle, the liquid level of the gravity tank. The operating parameters of the adjustable pitch propeller, including pressure and temperature of the hydraulic system, can also be used to warn the three typical faults of the shafting system. The system has been tested and proved to meet the design requirements for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U664.33

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