【摘要】：航海貨運(yùn)是現(xiàn)代貨運(yùn)交通的一個(gè)重要渠道,由于其運(yùn)輸量大、運(yùn)費(fèi)低廉以及對(duì)貨物適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)等獨(dú)有特點(diǎn),近年來發(fā)展十分迅猛。導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)是船舶安全航行,避讓,定位,狹水道引航及夜間行駛不可或缺的設(shè)備。國外雷達(dá)技術(shù)研究起步較早,船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)研制技術(shù)頗為成熟。然而,國內(nèi)民用船舶雷達(dá)的研制過程中仍存在技術(shù)欠缺,雷達(dá)分辨率低、探測能力弱,效率低等不足。 針對(duì)上述問題,本文主要研究和設(shè)計(jì)X波段船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)射頻信號(hào)大功率發(fā)射和高靈敏度、大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的射頻接收。結(jié)合本課題中船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)的總體技術(shù)(性能)指標(biāo),提出了雷達(dá)收發(fā)機(jī)整體方案,并作可行性論證。本文主要闡述船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)發(fā)射分機(jī)、接收分機(jī)的方案設(shè)計(jì)與工程實(shí)踐,涉及雷達(dá)收發(fā)分機(jī)的幾項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)：第一,對(duì)脈沖高壓產(chǎn)生技術(shù)和磁控管饋電方式進(jìn)行研究,設(shè)計(jì)了發(fā)射分機(jī)中脈沖高壓調(diào)制板；第二,對(duì)雷達(dá)高靈敏度和大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍接收技術(shù)進(jìn)行探索和分析,成功研制大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍中頻數(shù)字化模塊,對(duì)接收前端中低噪聲放大器進(jìn)行原理圖-版圖聯(lián)合仿真的預(yù)研工作；第三,本文對(duì)收發(fā)分機(jī)的測試技術(shù)進(jìn)行探討,提出本雷達(dá)收發(fā)分機(jī)的測試方法,給出了各分機(jī)的測試結(jié)果。 本文對(duì)收發(fā)分機(jī)中電磁兼容問題進(jìn)行了分析,對(duì)電路板的布局和設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行合理設(shè)計(jì),給出了船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)原理性樣機(jī)的內(nèi)場和外場的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。本文科學(xué)地分析了船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)整機(jī)聯(lián)調(diào)聯(lián)試工作中遇到的問題和困難。目前陸上探測距離最大約為27KM,實(shí)現(xiàn)了雷達(dá)收發(fā)分機(jī)的基本功能。文末總結(jié)和歸納了在船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)樣機(jī)研制過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和本項(xiàng)目研究存在的不足之處。最后,對(duì)下一步工作重點(diǎn)、船舶導(dǎo)航雷達(dá)的發(fā)展前景和趨勢進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:Maritime freight is an important channel of modern freight transportation. Due to its unique characteristics such as large volume, low freight and strong adaptability to cargo, it has developed rapidly in recent years. Navigation radar is an indispensable equipment for safe navigation, avoidance, positioning, pilotage of narrow waterways and night driving. The research of radar technology in foreign countries started early, and the research technology of ship navigation radar is quite mature. However, there are still some shortcomings in the development of civil ship radar in China, such as low resolution, weak detection ability and low efficiency. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly studies and designs the X band ship navigation radar transmitter and receiver, and realizes the RF signal high power transmission and high sensitivity, large dynamic range RF receiver. Combined with the overall technical (performance) index of ship navigation radar in this paper, the overall scheme of radar transceiver is put forward, and the feasibility is demonstrated. This paper mainly describes the scheme design and engineering practice of marine navigation radar transmitter extension and receiver extension. It involves several key technologies of radar transceiver: first, the pulse high-voltage generation technology and magnetron feed mode are studied. The pulse high voltage modulating board in the transmitter extension is designed. Secondly, the radar high sensitivity and large dynamic range receiving technology are explored and analyzed, and the large dynamic range if digital module is successfully developed. In this paper, the principle and layout of the low-noise amplifier in the receiver front-end is studied. Thirdly, the test technology of the transceiver is discussed, the test method of the transceiver is put forward, and the test results of each branch are given. In this paper, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility in transceiver extension is analyzed, the layout and design of the circuit board are designed reasonably, and the experimental results of the internal and external fields of the ship navigation radar principle prototype are given. In this paper, the problems and difficulties encountered in the joint test of ship navigation radar are analyzed. At present, the maximum detection range on land is about 27 km, which realizes the basic function of radar transceiver. At the end of this paper, the experience in the development of ship navigation radar prototype and the shortcomings of this project are summarized and summarized. Finally, the future development and trend of ship navigation radar are prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U665.23

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