【摘要】：隨著遠(yuǎn)洋船舶數(shù)量的增加,船舶柴油機(jī)廢氣硫氧化物污染也日益嚴(yán)重,引起了世界各國的關(guān)注。依據(jù)MARPOL公約附則Ⅵ的規(guī)定,自2015年1月1日起,遠(yuǎn)洋船舶在排放控制區(qū)內(nèi)需燃用含硫量低于0.1%的燃油。為滿足日益嚴(yán)格的公約要求,世界各國加大了船舶柴油機(jī)廢氣脫硫技術(shù)的研發(fā)力度。目前,船舶柴油機(jī)濕法廢氣脫硫技術(shù)的研發(fā)較為成熟,其應(yīng)用前景也最為廣闊。本文在深入總結(jié)和分析現(xiàn)有濕法廢氣脫硫技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)之上,提出了一種改進(jìn)的基于鈉堿海水法的船舶柴油機(jī)廢氣濕法脫硫系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括開式和閉式兩種工作模式。在開式模式下,系統(tǒng)采用鈉堿海水作為廢氣脫硫洗滌液,既增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的脫硫能力,又使脫硫后洗滌液滿足IMO關(guān)于脫硫后洗滌液pH值高于6.5的要求;在閉式模式下,系統(tǒng)設(shè)置了兩個(gè)堿液循環(huán)柜,兩個(gè)循環(huán)柜中的高濃度堿液在運(yùn)行過程中交替使用,大大增加了系統(tǒng)在閉式模式下的運(yùn)行時(shí)間;脫硫系統(tǒng)使用水力旋流器組作為洗滌廢液離心處理裝置。系統(tǒng)可根據(jù)運(yùn)行時(shí)洗滌水的流量調(diào)整使用的旋流器數(shù)量,提高了分離系統(tǒng)的使用靈活性。為驗(yàn)證鈉堿海水法在開式模式下脫硫的可行性,本文在自行搭建的模擬船舶廢氣實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)上進(jìn)行了廢氣脫硫?qū)嶒?yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了海水中NaOH濃度、Na_2CO_3濃度和廢氣中SO_2氣體濃度對(duì)脫硫率以及洗滌液pH值的影響,并進(jìn)行了 NaOH和Na_2CO_3混合海水脫硫?qū)嶒?yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)海水中NaOH濃度由零增加至4mmol/L時(shí),洗滌液的脫硫率會(huì)提高約4.5%,如果繼續(xù)提高NaOH濃度至5mmol/L,脫硫率基本保持不變。當(dāng)廢氣中SO_2濃度為1143mg/m3時(shí),隨著海水中NaOH濃度由零升高至5mmol/L,脫硫后洗滌液pH值會(huì)由6.25提高到9.90。當(dāng)廢氣中SO_2濃度由1143mg/m3增加至2857mg/m3時(shí),鈉堿海水與海水的脫硫率會(huì)分別下降15%和20%,脫硫后洗滌液pH值均會(huì)下降3.5左右。在相同條件下,NaOH海水的脫硫率要比Na_2CO_3海水高1%～2%,但Na_2CO_3海水保持pH值的能力卻明顯優(yōu)于NaOH海水。
[Abstract]:With the increase of the number of ocean-going ships, the pollution of sulfur oxides from marine diesel engine exhaust gas is becoming more and more serious, which has attracted the attention of countries all over the world. According to Annex VI of the MARPOL Convention, from January 1, 2015, the domestic demand of ocean-going ships in the emission control area is to burn fuel containing less than 0.1% sulfur. In order to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of the convention, countries in the world have increased the research and development of marine diesel engine exhaust gas desulfurization technology. At present, the research and development of wet flue gas desulfurization technology for marine diesel engine is relatively mature, and its application prospect is also the most extensive. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the existing wet flue gas desulfurization technology, an improved wet desulfurization system for marine diesel engine exhaust gas based on sodium alkali seawater method is proposed in this paper. The system includes two working modes: open mode and closed mode. In the open mode, the sodium alkali seawater is used as the waste gas desulfurization washing liquid, which not only enhances the desulfurization ability of the system, but also makes the desulfurization washing liquid meet the requirement of IMO that the pH value of the desulphurized washing liquid is higher than 6.5; in the closed mode, Two lye circulating cabinets are installed in the system. The high concentration lye in the two circulating cabinets is alternately used in the operation process, which greatly increases the running time of the system in the closed mode. The desulphurization system uses hydrocyclone as centrifugal treatment unit for washing waste liquid. The system can adjust the number of hydrocyclone used according to the flow rate of washing water, and improve the flexibility of the separation system. In order to verify the feasibility of sodium-alkali seawater desulfurization in open mode, the desulfurization experiment was carried out on a simulated ship exhaust gas test bench. The effects of the concentration of NaOH in seawater and the concentration of SO_2 gas in waste gas on desulfurization rate and pH value of washing solution were studied. The desulfurization experiment of mixed NaOH and Na_2CO_3 in seawater was carried out. The experimental results show that when the concentration of NaOH in seawater increases from zero to 4mmol/L, the desulfurization rate of washing solution will increase by about 4.5%. If the concentration of NaOH continues to increase to 5 mmol / L, the desulfurization rate will remain basically unchanged. When the concentration of SO_2 in waste gas was 1143mg/m3, the pH value of washing solution increased from 6.25 to 9.90 with the increase of NaOH concentration from zero to 5 mmol / L in seawater. When the concentration of SO_2 in waste gas increased from 1143mg/m3 to 2857mg/m3, the desulphurization rate of sodium alkali seawater and seawater decreased by 15% and 20%, respectively, and the pH value of washing liquid decreased about 3.5% after desulphurization. Under the same conditions, the desulphurization rate of Na_2CO_3 seawater is 1 / 2 higher than that of Na_2CO_3 seawater, but the ability of Na_2CO_3 seawater to maintain pH value is obviously better than that of NaOH seawater.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U664.121

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