本文選題：中央冷卻系統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：建模仿真　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中央冷卻系統(tǒng)是船舶動(dòng)力裝置的重要組成部分,系統(tǒng)通過(guò)冷卻水的循環(huán)作用,對(duì)各受熱部件和換熱設(shè)備進(jìn)行冷卻,降低其所受到的熱負(fù)荷,以確保各設(shè)備正�？煽康倪\(yùn)行。冷卻系統(tǒng)的性能優(yōu)劣直接影響到動(dòng)力裝置的工作性能,從而對(duì)船舶的可靠性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性產(chǎn)生影響。另一方面,隨著能效設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的生效,也對(duì)船舶冷卻系統(tǒng)提出了更高的要求。為此,開(kāi)展船舶中央冷卻系統(tǒng)的仿真研究,采用變頻控制方法,對(duì)改善系統(tǒng)的工作性能,實(shí)現(xiàn)船舶的節(jié)能減排,具有重要意義。本文首先介紹船舶中央冷卻系統(tǒng)的常見(jiàn)形式和組成結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)冷卻介質(zhì)的不同,將系統(tǒng)劃分為高溫淡水系統(tǒng)、低溫淡水系統(tǒng)和海水系統(tǒng),并論述了主要設(shè)備的工作原理。依據(jù)中央冷卻系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行過(guò)程,利用傳熱學(xué)和流體力學(xué)的相關(guān)理論,建立系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型。其次,以動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)學(xué)模型為理論依據(jù),利用計(jì)算機(jī)仿真技術(shù),采用自下而上的設(shè)計(jì)流程對(duì)中央冷卻系統(tǒng)各個(gè)主要設(shè)備進(jìn)行仿真建模,并進(jìn)一步獲取全系統(tǒng)的仿真模塊,以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)不同運(yùn)行工況的動(dòng)態(tài)模擬。再次,以某57000dwt散貨船中央冷卻系統(tǒng)為原型的科研樣機(jī)作為研究對(duì)象,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與仿真結(jié)果的比較分析,驗(yàn)證仿真模型的準(zhǔn)確性和合理性。根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的控制要求,制定變頻控制方案,在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)實(shí)船中央冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真研究,獲得船舶各類典型工況下的控制策略。通過(guò)對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行能耗分析,結(jié)果表明采用變頻技術(shù)后,實(shí)現(xiàn)不同工況下冷卻海水流量的連續(xù)變化,充分利用了海水的冷卻能力,節(jié)能效果顯著,有利于降低船舶的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。最后,考慮到中央冷卻控制系統(tǒng)的非線性、大延遲等特點(diǎn),傳統(tǒng)PID控制器在跟蹤設(shè)定值以及抑制擾動(dòng)方面存在一定的缺陷,在很多情況下達(dá)不到理想的控制效果,為了改善控制品質(zhì),本文采用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)中央冷卻系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行智能控制,建立了神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制器模型,并應(yīng)用到系統(tǒng)的變工況動(dòng)態(tài)研究中。研究結(jié)果表明,神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制不僅實(shí)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)的變頻控制目標(biāo),并且具有很強(qiáng)的自適應(yīng)性和抗干擾性,可以改善系統(tǒng)的控制性能。
[Abstract]:The central cooling system is an important part of the marine power plant. Through the circulation of cooling water, the central cooling system can cool the heating parts and heat exchangers so as to reduce the heat load on them. In order to ensure the normal and reliable operation of the equipment, the performance of the cooling system directly affects the working performance of the power plant, thus affecting the reliability and economy of the ship. On the other hand, with the entry into force of the energy efficiency design standard, Therefore, the simulation research of ship central cooling system is carried out, and the frequency conversion control method is adopted to improve the working performance of the system and to realize the energy saving and emission reduction of the ship. This paper first introduces the common form and composition of ship's central cooling system. According to the difference of cooling medium, the system is divided into high temperature fresh water system, low temperature fresh water system and seawater system. According to the operation process of the central cooling system, the dynamic mathematical model of the system is established by using the relevant theories of heat transfer and fluid mechanics. Secondly, the dynamic mathematical model is taken as the theoretical basis. Using computer simulation technology, using bottom-up design flow to simulate the main equipment of the central cooling system, and further obtain the simulation module of the whole system to realize the dynamic simulation of different operating conditions. Taking the prototype of a 57000dwt bulk carrier's central cooling system as the research object, the accuracy and rationality of the simulation model are verified by comparing the experimental data with the simulation results, according to the control requirements of the system. On the basis of the design of frequency conversion control scheme, the simulation study of the ship's central cooling system is carried out, and the control strategies under various typical conditions are obtained. Through the analysis of the energy consumption of the system, the results show that the frequency conversion technology is adopted. The continuous variation of cooling seawater flow under different working conditions is realized, the cooling capacity of seawater is fully utilized, the energy saving effect is remarkable, and the operation cost of the ship is reduced. Finally, considering the nonlinearity of the central cooling control system, In order to improve the control quality, the traditional PID controller has some defects in tracking the set value and restraining the disturbance, and can not achieve the ideal control effect in many cases. In this paper, the neural network is used to control the central cooling system intelligently, and the neural network controller model is established, which is applied to the dynamic research of the system under different working conditions. The results show that, Neural network control not only realizes the frequency conversion control target of the system, but also has strong adaptability and anti-interference, which can improve the control performance of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U664.1

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