本文關(guān)鍵詞： 交通運(yùn)輸安全 海事氣象保障 惡劣天氣 氣象服務(wù)產(chǎn)品 比較分析　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,我國氣象災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生,因惡劣天氣引發(fā)的海上交通事故不容小覷,隨著船舶日趨大型化,船舶數(shù)量的不斷增加,嚴(yán)重影響海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境和海上安全作業(yè)。面對復(fù)雜的通航環(huán)境,海事氣象保障服務(wù)不可或缺。雖然我國海洋氣象事業(yè)已取得了一定進(jìn)展,預(yù)報準(zhǔn)確率也在逐步提高,但沿海仍有事故不斷發(fā)生。因此,進(jìn)一步提高我國海事氣象保障服務(wù)水平,對減少惡劣天氣引發(fā)的海難事故,規(guī)避風(fēng)險和提高效益意義重大。本文對近年來中國近海惡劣天氣引起船舶事故進(jìn)行了調(diào)查和統(tǒng)計,結(jié)果表明大風(fēng)浪是對船舶安全影響最大的因素。通過資料匯總和圖表分析法,綜合分析了水文氣象條件對航行安全的影響,得出了易發(fā)生事故的船舶種類、船舶噸位、季節(jié)和海區(qū)分布情況,以此作為改進(jìn)海事氣象保障服務(wù)的依據(jù)。通過對國內(nèi)海事氣象保障服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的研究,包括中央氣象臺、國家海洋局的國家海洋環(huán)境預(yù)報中心、各省市專業(yè)氣象臺以及黃渤海海洋氣象信息共享網(wǎng),探究其存在的主要問題,了解國內(nèi)海事氣象保障服務(wù)的潛在需求情況;以歐洲MeteoGroup和日本的WNI為例,對網(wǎng)站相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析,得到國外海事氣象保障服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)及趨勢。從形式、內(nèi)容、技術(shù)、理論四個方面對比分析國內(nèi)外海事氣象保障服務(wù)狀況,指出國內(nèi)氣象保障產(chǎn)品的精細(xì)化程度不夠、缺乏深度開發(fā)等不足之處。針對事故分析結(jié)果和國內(nèi)氣象保障的不足,提出包括海事氣象評估范圍需要擴(kuò)展,延長預(yù)報時效,豐富產(chǎn)品種類,以及做好漁船相關(guān)氣象保障服務(wù)等建議。這些建議為今后更好地開展海事氣象保障服務(wù)工作,以及為船舶安全管理和船舶氣象保障研究提供了理論依據(jù),為國內(nèi)海事氣象保障服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化升級和確定正確的研究方向提供重要的參考思路,達(dá)到保障海上經(jīng)濟(jì)活動中生命財產(chǎn)安全的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, meteorological disasters occur frequently in our country. The maritime traffic accidents caused by bad weather can not be underestimated. With the increasing size of ships, the number of ships is increasing. The marine ecological environment and maritime safety operations are seriously affected. In the face of the complex navigational environment, maritime meteorological support services are indispensable. Although certain progress has been made in marine meteorology in China, the accuracy of forecasting has been gradually improved. However, accidents still occur in the coastal areas. Therefore, to further improve the service level of maritime meteorological support in China, to reduce maritime accidents caused by bad weather, It is of great significance to avoid risks and improve efficiency. This paper makes an investigation and statistics on ship accidents caused by severe weather off the coast of China in recent years. The results show that the heavy wind and waves are the most important factors affecting the safety of ships. The influence of hydrometeorological conditions on navigation safety is analyzed synthetically, and the types, tonnage, seasons and distribution of ships prone to accidents are obtained. As a basis for improving maritime meteorological support services. Through research on domestic maritime meteorological support service products, including the Central Meteorological Station, the State Marine Environment Forecast Center of the State Oceanic Administration, Professional meteorological stations in various provinces and cities and the marine meteorological information sharing network in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea to explore its main problems and understand the potential demand for maritime meteorological support services in China. Take MeteoGroup in Europe and WNI in Japan as examples, Through the analysis of the relevant contents of the website, the characteristics and trends of maritime meteorological support service products abroad are obtained. The status of maritime meteorological support services at home and abroad is compared and analyzed from four aspects: form, content, technology and theory. It is pointed out that the degree of fineness of domestic meteorological support products is not enough and the deficiency of deep development is lacking. In view of the result of accident analysis and the deficiency of domestic meteorological support, it is proposed that the scope of maritime meteorological assessment should be expanded and the forecasting time limit should be extended. Such suggestions as enriching the variety of products and doing a good job of meteorological support services for fishing vessels provide a theoretical basis for the better development of maritime meteorological support services in the future, as well as for the study of ship safety management and ship meteorological support. It provides an important reference for the further optimization and upgrading of the domestic maritime meteorological support service products and the determination of the correct research direction in order to ensure the safety of life and property in marine economic activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U675.12

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