本文關(guān)鍵詞：沿傾斜河床航行船舶水動(dòng)力數(shù)值計(jì)算　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 限制水域 水動(dòng)力 船舶操縱性 計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué) 數(shù)值計(jì)算

【摘要】：船舶水動(dòng)力性能可以分為快速性、耐波性和操縱性，其中船舶操縱性對船舶航行安全性尤為重要。長期以來，由于船舶操縱問題而導(dǎo)致的船舶碰撞、觸底等海事事故時(shí)有發(fā)生；特別是近十年來，隨著現(xiàn)代航運(yùn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，一方面使得船舶不斷向大型化發(fā)展，另一方面使得船舶在更多類型的限制水域中航行，從而使得船舶操縱變得更加困難，發(fā)生海事事故的危險(xiǎn)性也越來越大。近十年來，隨著國際海事組織（IMO）“船舶操縱性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的頒布實(shí)施和人們安全意識(shí)的提高，船舶操縱性逐漸引起了人們的關(guān)注并越來越受到重視。 船舶在限制水域中航行時(shí)的水動(dòng)力性能與其在無限水域中航行時(shí)有很大區(qū)別，尤其是在淺窄航道中，由于有限水深以及岸壁的存在，船舶會(huì)受到淺水效應(yīng)以及岸壁效應(yīng)的影響，從而引發(fā)更嚴(yán)重的操縱性問題。IMO頒布的“船舶操縱性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”明文規(guī)定，在船舶設(shè)計(jì)初期，必須對其操縱性能進(jìn)行預(yù)報(bào)和評估，但其針對的只是在無限水域中的情況。所以，為了保證船舶在限制水域中航行的安全性，有必要對船舶在限制水域中的操縱性能進(jìn)行研究。 上世紀(jì)末以來，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和計(jì)算方法有了很大發(fā)展，從而為計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)（CFD）方法在船舶水動(dòng)力學(xué)問題中的應(yīng)用打下了基礎(chǔ)。經(jīng)過這些年的發(fā)展，在船舶設(shè)計(jì)階段采用CFD方法對船體粘性繞流場進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬并計(jì)算相關(guān)水動(dòng)力已能夠取得比較好的結(jié)果，CFD方法逐漸成為一種研究船舶操縱性的可靠而有效的手段。以往，船舶操縱性研究基本都采用約束船模試驗(yàn)法，該方法耗時(shí)長，費(fèi)用高，且適應(yīng)性差。而CFD方法不僅克服了模型試驗(yàn)法的缺點(diǎn)，還能夠?qū)Υw粘性繞流場進(jìn)行更深入的分析并對船型優(yōu)化提供指導(dǎo)。CFD方法可以與模型試驗(yàn)法相結(jié)合，進(jìn)行數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)驗(yàn)證，從而取得更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果。 本文針對船舶在限制水域中航行的情況，以大型集裝箱船KCS船模為研究對象，，采用基于有限體積法進(jìn)行離散化的CFD通用軟件FLUENT，通過求解雷諾平均N-S方程(RANS方程)，對船舶粘性流場進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬，并對船舶所受水動(dòng)力進(jìn)行計(jì)算，以獲得船舶水動(dòng)力的數(shù)值預(yù)報(bào)結(jié)果。 本文主要研究了船舶在限制水域中航行的三種情況：（1）船舶在具有傾斜水底以及存在單側(cè)垂直岸壁的限制水域中作直航運(yùn)動(dòng)；（2）船舶在傾斜岸壁限制水域中作直航運(yùn)動(dòng)；（3）船舶在傾斜岸壁限制水域中作斜航運(yùn)動(dòng)。將以上三種情況下船體水動(dòng)力的計(jì)算結(jié)果與相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式或理論計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對比，以研究CFD方法的有效性；同時(shí)，對船-岸距離、斜底或岸壁傾角、水深、航速、漂角對船舶水動(dòng)力的影響進(jìn)行了分析。 本文所采用的CFD方法可以在一定程度上對船舶在限制水域中航行的水動(dòng)力性能進(jìn)行預(yù)報(bào)和評估，所得到的結(jié)果可以為船舶在限制水域中航行時(shí)的操縱與控制提供參考，從而確保船舶安全航行。
[Abstract]:Ship hydrodynamic performance can be divided into rapidity, wave resistance and maneuverability, in which ship maneuverability is particularly important to the safety of ship navigation. For a long time, ship collision caused by ship maneuvering problem. Marine accidents such as hitting the bottom occur from time to time; Especially in the past ten years, with the development of modern shipping industry, on the one hand, it makes ships develop to a large scale, on the other hand, it makes ships sail in more types of restricted waters. As a result, ship handling becomes more difficult, and the risk of maritime accidents becomes more and more serious. With the promulgation and implementation of International Maritime Organization (IMO) ship maneuverability Standard and the improvement of people's safety consciousness, ship maneuverability has attracted more and more attention. The hydrodynamic performance of ships in restricted waters is very different from that in infinite waters, especially in shallow and narrow channels, because of the limited water depth and the existence of shoreline. Ship will be affected by shallow water effect and shoreline effect, which will lead to more serious maneuverability problem. IMO promulgated "ship maneuverability Standard" explicitly, in the early stage of ship design. Its maneuverability must be forecasted and evaluated, but only in the case of infinite waters. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of ships navigating in restricted waters. It is necessary to study the maneuverability of ships in restricted waters. Since the end of 0th century, great progress has been made in computer technology and calculation method, which has laid a foundation for the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method in ship hydrodynamics. In the phase of ship design, the CFD method is used to simulate the viscous flow field around the ship and to calculate the relative hydrodynamics. CFD method has gradually become a reliable and effective means to study ship maneuverability. In the past, constrained ship model test method was used in ship maneuverability research, which takes long time and high cost. The CFD method not only overcomes the shortcomings of the model test method. It is also possible to further analyze the viscous flow field and provide guidance for ship type optimization. The CFD method can be combined with the model test method to verify the numerical prediction and obtain more accurate prediction results. Aiming at the situation of ships navigating in restricted waters, this paper takes the KCS model of large container ship as the research object, and adopts the CFD general software FLUENT which is based on finite volume method to discretize. By solving the Reynolds average N-S equation and rans equation, the viscous flow field of a ship is numerically simulated, and the hydrodynamic force of the ship is calculated to obtain the numerical prediction results of the ship's hydrodynamic force. In this paper, we mainly study three cases of ship navigation in restricted waters: 1) the direct motion of ships in restricted waters with inclined bottom and with unilateral vertical shore walls; (2) the direct navigation motion of the ship in the restricted waters with inclined bank wall; (3) the ship moves diagonally in the restricted waters with inclined bank wall. The calculated results of the hull hydrodynamics under the above three conditions are compared with the relevant empirical formulas or theoretical results. To study the effectiveness of CFD method; At the same time, the influences of ship-shore distance, slope angle, depth, speed and drift angle on ship hydrodynamic force are analyzed. The CFD method used in this paper can predict and evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of ships sailing in restricted waters to a certain extent. The results obtained can provide a reference for the manipulation and control of ships navigating in restricted waters, so as to ensure the safe navigation of ships.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U661.3

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