發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-08 13:06

【摘要】：吸波材料無論在軍用還是民用上都越來越重要。傳統(tǒng)的或者單一的吸波材料很難滿足“吸收強(qiáng),頻帶寬,重量輕,厚度薄等”要求,除了研究新型的吸波劑以外,對于吸波劑在成分或者結(jié)構(gòu)上的復(fù)合成了一種很重要的提高吸波體性能的方式。對于多層吸波體,基于一種或者幾種吸波劑材料與質(zhì)輕性能好的有機(jī)聚合物進(jìn)行混紡得到的納米纖維,進(jìn)行多層設(shè)計(jì),使之滿足阻抗?jié)u變以盡量使阻抗匹配,最終制備出綜合性能良好的吸波復(fù)合材料。本文研究了電紡納米纖維的工藝控制,電紡出了三種吸波劑顆粒(納米四氧化三鐵,納米碳化硅,導(dǎo)電態(tài)聚苯胺)的納米纖維膜,研究了電紡工藝參數(shù)、納米吸波劑含量對納米纖維薄膜微觀形貌、納米顆粒分散規(guī)律、熱穩(wěn)定性及力學(xué)性能等影響規(guī)律,得到了微觀形貌良好,納米顆粒分散效果較好的纖維薄膜。制備了納米纖維膜/環(huán)氧樹脂的復(fù)合材料,并測量了電磁參數(shù),研究了納米四氧化三鐵,納米碳化硅和導(dǎo)電態(tài)聚苯胺不同的添加量對材料電磁參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,基于阻抗匹配與傳輸線理論,設(shè)計(jì)了單層與多層復(fù)合材料電磁波反射設(shè)計(jì)程序,得到了多層納米纖維薄膜復(fù)合材料吸波優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案,以吸收峰值和吸收頻寬為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得到了2mm厚度下三層吸波復(fù)合材料的最優(yōu)設(shè)計(jì)。制備出了基于電紡納米纖維的三層吸波環(huán)氧樹脂基復(fù)合材料,進(jìn)行了其吸波、力學(xué)、微觀形貌,密度等性能研究。材料的吸波強(qiáng)度達(dá)到了-40d B,吸收大于-10d B的帶寬達(dá)到了5GHz,進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)與模擬的對比,驗(yàn)證了多層吸波優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)律。其拉伸和彎曲強(qiáng)度都要大大優(yōu)于純環(huán)氧樹脂和將納米顆粒直接分散型的環(huán)氧復(fù)合材料,在做到了提高吸波性能的同時(shí)有提高了力學(xué)性能。
[Abstract]:Absorbing materials are becoming more and more important both in military and civilian applications. Traditional or single absorbing materials are difficult to meet the requirements of "strong absorption, frequency bandwidth, light weight, thin thickness and so on". In addition to studying new absorbing agents, For the composition or structure of the absorber, it is a very important way to improve the performance of the absorber. For the multi-layer absorber, the nanofiber based on one or more absorbent materials mixed with the organic polymer with good light properties is designed to meet the impedance gradient to match the impedance as much as possible. Finally, the microwave absorbing composites with good comprehensive properties were prepared. In this paper, the process control of electrospun nanofibers was studied. The nanofiber films of three kinds of absorbing agent particles (nano-iron tetroxide, nano-silicon carbide, conductive Polyaniline) were prepared by electrospinning, and the technological parameters of electrospinning were studied. The effects of nano-absorbent content on the microstructure, dispersion of nanoparticles, thermal stability and mechanical properties of nanofiber thin films were studied. The fiber thin films with good morphology and good dispersion effect of nanoparticles were obtained. The nanofiber film / epoxy resin composites were prepared and the electromagnetic parameters were measured. The effects of different amounts of nano-iron tetroxide, nano-silicon carbide and conductive Polyaniline on the electromagnetic parameters of the materials were studied. Based on impedance matching and transmission line theory, the electromagnetic wave reflection design program of single-layer and multi-layer composites is designed, and the optimal design scheme of microwave absorption of multi-layer nanofiber thin film composites is obtained. Based on the absorption peak value and absorption bandwidth, the optimal design of three-layer absorbing composites with 2mm thickness was obtained. Three-layer absorbing epoxy resin matrix composites based on electrospun nanofibers were prepared and their properties such as absorbing mechanics micromorphology and density were studied. The absorbing intensity of the material is-40dB, and the bandwidth of absorption greater than-10dB is 5GHz. The experimental and simulation results show that the optimal design law of multi-layer absorbing wave is verified. The tensile and bending strength of epoxy composites is much better than that of pure epoxy resin and epoxy composites which disperse nanoparticles directly. The tensile and bending strength of epoxy composites is much better than that of pure epoxy resin and epoxy composites, which not only improves the wave absorption properties, but also improves the mechanical properties of epoxy composites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB34;TQ340.64

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本文編號(hào)：2495302