火災(zāi)煙氣毒性分析測(cè)試平臺(tái)的組建及其用于聚丙烯復(fù)合材料燃燒煙氣的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-04 03:23
【摘要】：聚合物及其復(fù)合材料由于其優(yōu)異的性能和低廉的價(jià)格在眾多領(lǐng)域中得到了廣泛的運(yùn)用。高分子材料屬于易燃材料,具有很高的火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性,其在燃燒時(shí)不僅會(huì)釋放大量的熱量,還會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的毒性煙氣。大量火災(zāi)死亡報(bào)告表明,火災(zāi)中的有毒煙氣是致使人員喪生的最主要因素,尤其是其中的一氧化碳(CO)。因此,對(duì)聚合物材料燃燒煙氣的研究不僅是對(duì)材料阻燃技術(shù)的補(bǔ)充,更是衡量材料火災(zāi)危險(xiǎn)性的重中之重。本文運(yùn)用自主搭建的火災(zāi)煙氣毒性分析測(cè)試平臺(tái)(FTTP),系統(tǒng)的研究了典型聚合物在不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景模擬下的煙氣釋放,并探討了火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景和材料結(jié)構(gòu)成分對(duì)燃燒煙氣產(chǎn)生的影響。選取了常用的阻燃劑和納米增強(qiáng)劑,制備了聚丙烯(PP)復(fù)合材料,著重研究了添加劑對(duì)PP在不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下燃燒煙氣釋放的影響和作用,為PP的抑煙減毒研究工作提供了更全面的數(shù)據(jù)支持和初步機(jī)理解析,取得的研究進(jìn)展如下： 第一,自主研發(fā)搭建了火災(zāi)煙氣毒性分析測(cè)試平臺(tái),并通過(guò)對(duì)各組成部分系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)定和校準(zhǔn),確保了FTTP的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。選取低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、尼龍66(PA66)五種商用塑料進(jìn)行Well-Ventilated和Post-Flashover兩種火災(zāi)模擬場(chǎng)景下的重復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn),以驗(yàn)證FTTP的可重復(fù)性和準(zhǔn)確性。最后,利用所得數(shù)據(jù)分析對(duì)比該五種不同材料的燃燒煙氣毒性及在不同火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的表現(xiàn),為進(jìn)一步研究材料成分和火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景對(duì)火災(zāi)煙氣的影響做基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)可為火災(zāi)安全工作者和材料設(shè)計(jì)研究人員提供更為精確可靠的材料燃燒煙氣數(shù)據(jù)。 第二,通過(guò)先制備母粒再熔融共混的方法制備了碳納米管與PP及膨脹阻燃體系(IFR) PP的納米復(fù)合材料。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明碳納米管在PP中分散良好,且起到了提高熱穩(wěn)定性的作用。利用FTTP研究了該P(yáng)P/CNTs/IFR納米復(fù)合材料在三種火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的產(chǎn)煙情況,結(jié)果表明膨脹阻燃體系的添加會(huì)提高材料燃燒的煙密度以及CO產(chǎn)率。而CNTs的引入,其明顯的作用表現(xiàn)在可以有效地降低該復(fù)合材料在低通風(fēng)火災(zāi)場(chǎng)景下的碳?xì)浠衔锏漠a(chǎn)生�？赡艿臋C(jī)理是,碳納米的管狀結(jié)構(gòu)有效地吸附了碳?xì)浠衔?并進(jìn)行了催化降解。 第三,用水熱合成法制備二氧化鈦納米管(TNT),所得TNT晶體結(jié)晶良好。選取納米級(jí)四氧化三鈷(Co304),三氧化二鐵(Fe2O3),二氧化鈦(Ti02),制備PP/Metal Oxides (MOs)納米復(fù)合材料。PP/MOs的熱性能測(cè)試表明MOs可以促進(jìn)PP基體在燃燒過(guò)程中的成炭,并且可以有效的降低PP復(fù)合材料的熱釋放速率。同時(shí),PP/MOs復(fù)合材料在氮?dú)鈼l件下熱分解生成的可燃性有機(jī)氣體產(chǎn)物和CO較純PP有了明顯的降低,TNT的表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于其他三種MOs。利用FTTP研究該納米復(fù)合材料在通風(fēng)不良條件下的燃燒煙氣情況,MOs在PP燃燒過(guò)程中發(fā)揮出了較為明顯的催化氧化作用,有效的降低了煙密度和可燃性碳?xì)浠衔餁怏w。其中除C0304提高了CO釋放外,另三種MOs都對(duì)CO有一定的程度的催化氧化。TNT在低添加量條件下對(duì)PP復(fù)合材料的抑煙減毒效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The polymer and its composite material have been widely used in many fields due to its excellent performance and low price. The high-molecular material belongs to the flammable material, has high fire risk, and can not only release a large amount of heat during combustion, but also generate a large amount of toxic smoke. A large number of fire deaths have shown that toxic fumes in the fire are the most important factors in the lives of people, in particular carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, the research on the combustion flue gas of the polymer material is not only a supplement to the flame-retardant technology of the material, but also the most important measure of the fire risk of the material. In this paper, a self-built fire smoke toxicity analysis and analysis platform (FTTP) is used to study the smoke release of a typical polymer under different fire scenarios, and the effects of fire scene and material composition on the combustion flue gas are discussed. The common flame retardant and the nano-reinforcing agent are selected, and the polypropylene (PP) composite material is prepared, and the effect and the effect of the additive on the combustion flue gas release under different fire scenes are emphatically studied, The research on anti-smoke and attenuation of PP provides more comprehensive data support and preliminary mechanism analysis, and the research progress is as follows: The first, the independent R & D set up a fire smoke toxicity test platform, and through the calibration and calibration of each component system Quasi-, ensure the stability of FTTP The repeatability and accuracy of FTTP were verified by selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon 66 (PA66). and finally, using the obtained data analysis to compare the combustion smoke toxicity of the five different materials and the performance of the five different materials under different fire scenes to further study the influence of the material composition and the fire scene on the fire smoke In addition, it can provide more accurate and reliable materials for fire safety workers and material design researchers to the number of more accurate and reliable materials according to the method, the nano-complex of the carbon nano-tube and the PP and the expansion flame-retardant system (IFR) PP is prepared by first preparing the master batch re-melting and blending method, The experimental results show that the carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in PP and have improved thermal stability. The effect of the PP/ CNTs/ IFR nanocomposite in three fire scenarios is studied by FTTP. The results show that the addition of the expanded flame-retardant system can improve the smoke density of the material and C O yield. The introduction of CNTs shows that it can effectively reduce the hydrocarbon in the low-ventilation fire scene of the composite material. The possible mechanism is that the carbon nano-shaped tubular structure effectively adsorbs hydrocarbons and chemical degradation; thirdly, a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the obtained TNT crystal Good body crystallization. Nano-scale cobaltosic oxide (Co304), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (Ti02) were selected to prepare PP/ Metal Oxides (MOs). The thermal performance test of PP/ MOs shows that the MOs can promote the carbon-forming of the PP matrix in the combustion process, and can effectively reduce the PP composite material. At the same time, the results of thermal decomposition of PP/ MOs composite under the condition of nitrogen were significantly lower than that of pure PP, and the performance of TNT was superior to that of other PP/ MOs composites. Using FTTP to study the combustion flue gas condition of the nanocomposite under the condition of poor ventilation, the MOs exhibited a significant catalytic oxidation in the process of PP combustion, which effectively reduced the smoke density and the ignitable hydrocarbon. In addition to that increase of CO release in C0304, the other three MOs have a certain degree to the CO. The catalytic oxidation of the PP composite under the condition of low addition amount
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O659;TQ325.14;TB33
本文編號(hào)：2492437
[Abstract]:The polymer and its composite material have been widely used in many fields due to its excellent performance and low price. The high-molecular material belongs to the flammable material, has high fire risk, and can not only release a large amount of heat during combustion, but also generate a large amount of toxic smoke. A large number of fire deaths have shown that toxic fumes in the fire are the most important factors in the lives of people, in particular carbon monoxide (CO). Therefore, the research on the combustion flue gas of the polymer material is not only a supplement to the flame-retardant technology of the material, but also the most important measure of the fire risk of the material. In this paper, a self-built fire smoke toxicity analysis and analysis platform (FTTP) is used to study the smoke release of a typical polymer under different fire scenarios, and the effects of fire scene and material composition on the combustion flue gas are discussed. The common flame retardant and the nano-reinforcing agent are selected, and the polypropylene (PP) composite material is prepared, and the effect and the effect of the additive on the combustion flue gas release under different fire scenes are emphatically studied, The research on anti-smoke and attenuation of PP provides more comprehensive data support and preliminary mechanism analysis, and the research progress is as follows: The first, the independent R & D set up a fire smoke toxicity test platform, and through the calibration and calibration of each component system Quasi-, ensure the stability of FTTP The repeatability and accuracy of FTTP were verified by selecting low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and nylon 66 (PA66). and finally, using the obtained data analysis to compare the combustion smoke toxicity of the five different materials and the performance of the five different materials under different fire scenes to further study the influence of the material composition and the fire scene on the fire smoke In addition, it can provide more accurate and reliable materials for fire safety workers and material design researchers to the number of more accurate and reliable materials according to the method, the nano-complex of the carbon nano-tube and the PP and the expansion flame-retardant system (IFR) PP is prepared by first preparing the master batch re-melting and blending method, The experimental results show that the carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in PP and have improved thermal stability. The effect of the PP/ CNTs/ IFR nanocomposite in three fire scenarios is studied by FTTP. The results show that the addition of the expanded flame-retardant system can improve the smoke density of the material and C O yield. The introduction of CNTs shows that it can effectively reduce the hydrocarbon in the low-ventilation fire scene of the composite material. The possible mechanism is that the carbon nano-shaped tubular structure effectively adsorbs hydrocarbons and chemical degradation; thirdly, a titanium dioxide nanotube (TNT) is prepared by a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the obtained TNT crystal Good body crystallization. Nano-scale cobaltosic oxide (Co304), ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and titanium dioxide (Ti02) were selected to prepare PP/ Metal Oxides (MOs). The thermal performance test of PP/ MOs shows that the MOs can promote the carbon-forming of the PP matrix in the combustion process, and can effectively reduce the PP composite material. At the same time, the results of thermal decomposition of PP/ MOs composite under the condition of nitrogen were significantly lower than that of pure PP, and the performance of TNT was superior to that of other PP/ MOs composites. Using FTTP to study the combustion flue gas condition of the nanocomposite under the condition of poor ventilation, the MOs exhibited a significant catalytic oxidation in the process of PP combustion, which effectively reduced the smoke density and the ignitable hydrocarbon. In addition to that increase of CO release in C0304, the other three MOs have a certain degree to the CO. The catalytic oxidation of the PP composite under the condition of low addition amount
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：O659;TQ325.14;TB33
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 吳娜;楊榮杰;郝建薇;劉國(guó)勝;;金屬氧化物對(duì)聚丙烯膨脹阻燃體系阻燃性能的影響[J];高分子學(xué)報(bào);2009年12期
2 張青紅,高濂,鄭珊,孫靜;制備均一形貌的長(zhǎng)二氧化鈦納米管[J];化學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2002年08期
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