【摘要】：高分子及其復(fù)合敏感材料具有制備簡便、響應(yīng)特性易于調(diào)控,可室溫響應(yīng)等優(yōu)點,在氣體和濕度傳感器中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。本論文合成了聚電解質(zhì)／聚苯胺(PANI),聚電解質(zhì)／還原氧化石墨烯(RGO)納米復(fù)合濕敏材料和不同種類的酸為摻雜劑的納米結(jié)構(gòu)聚苯胺氣敏材料,通過FT-IR、UV-Vis、SEM、TEM、AFM等手段表征了材料的組成結(jié)構(gòu)及其形貌。采用浸涂的方法制備了電阻型濕敏和氣敏元件,研究了其室溫下對濕度和氨氣的響應(yīng)特性。討論了材料組成、沉積順序和元件制備工藝等對其響應(yīng)特性的影響,探討了敏感機(jī)理。采用浸涂法依次沉積敏感膜,制備了具有雙層結(jié)構(gòu)的交聯(lián)季銨化聚(4-乙烯基吡啶)(QC-P4VP)/PANI和QC-P4VP/RGO復(fù)合濕敏元件,考察其低濕響應(yīng)特性。PANI和RGO的引入均能有效降低元件的低濕阻抗,解決了聚電解質(zhì)元件低濕阻抗過高難以測定的問題。QC-P4VP/PANI復(fù)合元件在1～98%RH范圍內(nèi)阻抗變化約3個數(shù)量級,可實現(xiàn)全濕度范圍內(nèi)濕度的靈敏檢測；QC-P4VP/RGO復(fù)合元件可實現(xiàn)對于極低濕度環(huán)境下(0.18%RH)的濕度靈敏檢測。結(jié)合復(fù)合元件獨特的雙層結(jié)構(gòu)以及濕敏材料的響應(yīng)特性,提出濕敏響應(yīng)機(jī)理。制備了以鹽酸、樟腦磺酸、對甲苯磺酸、植酸和聚苯乙烯磺酸(PSSA)為摻雜酸的可分散PANI納米氣敏材料及氣敏元件,發(fā)現(xiàn)PSSA摻雜的PANI元件氨氣響應(yīng)性能最優(yōu)。制備條件對PANI-PSSA元件的氨氣響應(yīng)也有很大影響。[PSSA]/[苯胺]/[過硫酸銨]=1：1：0.7制備的PANI-PSSA,配制20 mg/mL水分散液,采用浸涂法制備氣敏元件具有最佳響應(yīng)：室溫下氨氣響應(yīng)靈敏(檢測限低至200ppb),對濕度不敏感,回復(fù)可逆且選擇性良好。
[Abstract]:Polymer and its composite sensitive materials have been widely used in gas and humidity sensors because of their simple preparation, easy control of response characteristics and room temperature response. In this paper, polyelectrolytes / Polyphenylamine (PANI), polyelectrolytes / reductive graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite humidity sensitive materials and nanostructured polyphenylamine gas sensing materials with different kinds of acid as dopants were synthesized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,SEM,. The composition, structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by TEM,AFM. Resistive humidity and gas sensors were prepared by dipping method. The response characteristics of resistance humidity and gas sensors to humidity and ammonia at room temperature were studied. The effects of material composition, deposition sequence and component preparation process on the response characteristics were discussed, and the sensitive mechanism was discussed. Crosslinked quaternized poly( 4-vinylpyridine) (QC-P4VP) / PANI and QC-P4VP/RGO composite humidity sensors with double-layer structure were prepared by depositing sensitive films in turn by immersion method. The low humidity response characteristics were investigated. The introduction of pani and RGO can effectively reduce the low humidity impedance of the element. The problem that the low humidity impedance of polyelectrolyte element is too high and difficult to be measured is solved. The impedance change of QC-P4VP/PANI composite element in 1~98%RH range is about three orders of magnitude, which can realize the sensitive detection of humidity in the full humidity range. QC-P4VP/RGO composite element can realize sensitive detection of humidity in very low humidity environment (0.18%RH). Combined with the unique double-layer structure of the composite element and the response characteristics of the humidity sensitive material, the mechanism of the humidity sensitive response is put forward. Dispersible PANI nano-gas sensors and gas sensors with hydrochloric acid, camphor sulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, phytic acid and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) as dopants were prepared. It was found that the PSSA-doped PANI element had the best ammonia response performance. The preparation conditions also have a great influence on the ammonia response of PANI-PSSA elements. 20 mg/mL water dispersions are prepared by PANI-PSSA, prepared by [PSSA] / [phenylamine] / [ammonium persulfate] = 1 鈮，

本文編號：2479413