【摘要】：能源危機(jī)已經(jīng)成為人類(lèi)面對(duì)的最重要的問(wèn)題。要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題最主要的手段有兩種：生產(chǎn)清潔的能源和制造高效的能源存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備。本論文基于這兩種解決能源危機(jī)的手段,從納米材料角度入手,研究其在能源生產(chǎn)和能源存儲(chǔ)方面的應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下：1.涉及清潔能源生產(chǎn)的光電催化分解水反應(yīng)中催化材料的研究。主要研究了硅納米線陣列(Silicon Nanowires Arrays, Si NWs)的合成及其光電催化分解水的性能。研究?jī)?nèi)容為：在不同摻雜類(lèi)型的Si基底(p型和n型)上通過(guò)金屬輔助刻蝕的方法合成了Si NWs,并在合成的Si NWs上負(fù)載了微量的納米Pt顆粒。利用此Pt修飾的Si NWs (Si NWs/Pt)進(jìn)行光電催化分解水的研究。結(jié)果表明：SiNWs/Pt的光電催化水分解性能較之Si NWs和平面Si基底有較大的提升,這是因?yàn)榛钚源呋煞諴t的存在和Si NWs陣列結(jié)構(gòu)的高表面粗糙度有效地提高了催化反應(yīng)的性能。同時(shí)還重點(diǎn)研究了不同類(lèi)型Si NWs/Pt (n和p型)和不同類(lèi)型催化反應(yīng)(氫氣析出反應(yīng)HER和氧氣析出反應(yīng)OER)之間的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同類(lèi)型的Si NWs/Pt對(duì)于HER和OER反應(yīng)有不同的光增強(qiáng)效應(yīng),這一現(xiàn)象主要是由不同類(lèi)型基底之間能帶結(jié)構(gòu)的差異引起的。2.有關(guān)能源存儲(chǔ)器件的超級(jí)電容器電極材料的研究主要研究了堿處理過(guò)程中鈷鋁水滑石的形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)及其超電容性能。研究?jī)?nèi)容包括：分別采用成核晶化隔離法和尿素水熱法合成了CoAl-LDH,并對(duì)合成的水滑石進(jìn)行不同時(shí)間的高濃度堿浸泡處理,制備出多孔CoAl-LDH復(fù)合產(chǎn)物。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、孔結(jié)構(gòu)以及比表面積分析等測(cè)試手段對(duì)CoAl-LDH及其不同時(shí)間的堿處理產(chǎn)物樣品的形貌和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行表征。結(jié)果顯示,隨著堿處理時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng),CoAl-LDH納米片逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槎嗫椎腃oAl-LDH/Co(OH)2復(fù)合物,最終被溶液中的氧氣氧化成為CoOOH。同時(shí)對(duì)利用不同方法合成的CoAl-LDH及其堿處理產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行電化學(xué)性能測(cè)試,來(lái)驗(yàn)證樣品形貌及組成與超電容性能之間的關(guān)系。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明：不論是利用成核晶化隔離法還是利用水熱法合成的CoAl-LDH樣品,堿處理時(shí)間為1小時(shí)時(shí),樣品組成為Co(OH)2/CoAl-LDH,該復(fù)合物質(zhì)還具有獨(dú)特的多孔結(jié)構(gòu),因此在相應(yīng)的系列產(chǎn)物中表現(xiàn)出最好的超電容性能、優(yōu)越的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性以及出色的比率特性。
[Abstract]:Energy crisis has become the most important problem facing mankind. There are two main ways to solve this problem: the production of clean energy and the manufacture of efficient energy storage equipment. Based on these two ways to solve the energy crisis, this paper studies the application of nano-materials in energy production and energy storage. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. Study on catalytic materials for photocatalytic decomposition of water in clean energy production. The synthesis of silicon nanowire array (Silicon Nanowires Arrays, Si NWs) and its photocatalytic performance for water decomposition were studied in this paper. The contents of this study are as follows: Si NWs, was synthesized by metal-assisted etching on different doped Si substrates (p-type and n-type) and a small amount of nano-Pt particles were loaded on the synthesized Si NWs. This Pt modified Si NWs (Si NWs/Pt was used to study the photocatalytic decomposition of water. The results show that the photocatalytic water degradation performance of SiNWs/Pt is much higher than that of SiNWs and planar Si substrates, which is due to the presence of active catalytic component Pt and the high surface roughness of SiNWs array structure, which effectively improves the catalytic performance of the reaction. At the same time, the relationship between different types of Si NWs/Pt (n and p-type) and different types of catalytic reactions (hydrogen gas precipitation reaction HER and oxygen evolution reaction OER) was also studied. It is found that different types of Si NWs/Pt have different light enhancement effects on HER and OER reactions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the difference of energy band structures between different types of substrates. In this paper, the morphology, structure and supercapacitor properties of cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite during alkali treatment are mainly studied in the research of supercapacitor electrode materials for energy storage devices. The main contents are as follows: CoAl-LDH, was synthesized by nucleation isolation method and urea hydrothermal method respectively, and the synthesized hydrotalcite was immersed in high concentration alkali for different time, and the porous CoAl-LDH composite products were prepared. The morphology and structure of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products of different time were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM, pore structure and specific surface area analysis. The results showed that with the increase of alkali treatment time, CoAl-LDH nanoparticles gradually transformed into porous CoAl-LDH/Co (OH)-2 complex, and eventually oxidized to CoOOH. by oxygen in the solution. At the same time, the electrochemical properties of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products synthesized by different methods were tested to verify the relationship between the morphology and composition of the samples and the supercapacitor performance. The results show that when the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAlAl _ (LDH), and the composite material also has a unique porous structure, whether by nucleation isolation or hydrothermal synthesis of the CoAl-LDH sample, and the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, and the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAl _ Al _ (LDH). Therefore, it shows the best supercapacitor performance, excellent cycle stability and excellent ratio characteristics in the corresponding series of products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB383.1

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

1 趙雪;邱平達(dá);姜海靜;金振興;蔡克迪;;超級(jí)電容器電極材料研究最新進(jìn)展[J];電子元件與材料;2015年01期

2 陳昆峰;楊陽(yáng)陽(yáng);陳旭;王浩;馬增勝;周益春;薛冬峰;;過(guò)渡金屬材料的電化學(xué)儲(chǔ)能性能研究[J];河南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2014年04期

3 薛璐璐;秦占斌;高筠;趙南;孫博;;超級(jí)電容器電極材料研究最新進(jìn)展[J];化學(xué)工程師;2015年07期

4 江浩;李春忠;;表面化學(xué)反應(yīng)控制制備多級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)電極材料及性能[J];化工學(xué)報(bào);2015年08期

5 WANG HaoXiang;ZHANG Wei;CHEN Hong;ZHENG WeiTao;;Towards unlocking high-performance of supercapacitors: From layered transition-metal hydroxide electrode to redox electrolyte.[J];Science China(Technological Sciences);2015年11期

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1 陳海潮;鎳鈷雙金屬化合物的贗電容特性研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2014年

2 劉熙俊;Fe-Co基氧化物納米陣列的構(gòu)筑及其電催化性能研究[D];北京化工大學(xué);2014年

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1 張慶;離子液體修飾電極的制備及其應(yīng)用研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2014年

2 門(mén)春艷;（氫）氧化鈷/碳納米管紙柔性復(fù)合材料的制備及電化學(xué)性能[D];新疆大學(xué);2014年

3 柴海會(huì);IL/O型微乳液體系熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)及其影響因素研究[D];山東師范大學(xué);2015年

4 程永賓;過(guò)渡金屬氧化物的制備及其電化學(xué)性能的研究[D];北京交通大學(xué);2015年

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本文編號(hào)：2461549