【摘要】：大自然賦予研究者靈感與啟示。近些年,受自然界中具有特殊潤濕性表面的動植物的啟發(fā),在結(jié)合外部環(huán)境的影響并充分考慮表面化學組成與表面微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎上,科學研究工作者們已經(jīng)探究出特殊潤濕性表面的制備方法,并成功制備出特殊潤濕性能表面。伴隨研究者們對超疏水性表面更加深入的研究,眾多制備特殊潤濕性表面方法的不斷出現(xiàn),其中包括等離子體法、刻蝕法、溶膠-凝膠法、沉積法、模板法、層-層自助裝法等方法,以及特殊潤濕性表面在流體減阻、防積雪、防冰凍、防腐蝕、油水分離等方面的應用不斷涌現(xiàn)。同時生活及工業(yè)含油污水的大量排放、漏油事故的不斷發(fā)生,不僅對我們的污水處理能力及生態(tài)平衡提出了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,油水分離對科學研究與解決工業(yè)與生活含油污水及漏油污染,都是極其重要的領(lǐng)域,同時還有利于環(huán)境保護。本論文在此背景下,致力于研究超親油-超疏水材料在油水分離中的應用,主要工作圍繞材料表面潤濕性、穩(wěn)定性和油水分離效率等方面展開,工作具體如下:1.超親油-超疏水不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)在油水分離中的應用。以優(yōu)良的柔韌性,出色的耐壓能力,表面易處理加工,價格低廉,機械性能良好的304不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)格作為基材,以低表面能物質(zhì)低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)在304不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)格成膜,構(gòu)建微納粗糙結(jié)構(gòu),采用溶劑與非溶結(jié)合多次浸涂的方法,提高網(wǎng)膜的表面粗糙度,使網(wǎng)膜的表面在自然環(huán)境條件下具有穩(wěn)定的超親油超疏水特性。該網(wǎng)膜可以有效分離多種油水混合物,如煤油、0#柴油、大豆油、有機溶劑等的油水混合物等,分離效率高達95%。2.超親油-超疏水海綿在油水混合液分離中的應用。以價格低廉,易壓縮且有彈性的三維多孔的海綿作為基材,以低表面能物質(zhì)LDPE在海綿表面及海綿骨架表面成膜,構(gòu)造具有超親油-超疏水特殊潤濕性的海綿,采用溶劑與非溶結(jié)合多次浸涂的方法,海綿的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)能捕獲大量的空氣,在海綿表面形成氣囊,氣囊與低表面能物質(zhì)LDPE協(xié)同作用,從而使海綿的表面在自然環(huán)境下具有穩(wěn)定的超親油超疏水性能。該網(wǎng)膜可以有效分離多種油水混合物,如煤油、0#柴油、大豆油、丙酮、正庚烷等有機物的油水混合物,分離效率在95%左右。在分離過程中,海綿多次循環(huán)反復使用,其油水分離能力及表面的疏水性不發(fā)生顯著的變化。3.潤濕基本理論與毛細管力在油水分離中的應用。凹凸粗糙的超親油-超疏水不銹鋼絲網(wǎng)格表面潤濕為復合潤濕,潤濕模型簡化歸類為Cassie-Baxter模型,并對其進行計算。對超親油-超疏水海綿的油水分離過程中,油與海綿進行了受力分析。
[Abstract]:Nature gives inspiration and inspiration to researchers. In recent years, inspired by animals and plants with special wettability surfaces in nature, combined with the influence of the external environment and taking full account of the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface, Scientific researchers have explored the preparation methods of special wettability surfaces and successfully prepared special wettability surfaces. With the more in-depth study of ultra-hydrophobic surface, many methods of preparing special wettability surface, including plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, have been developed constantly, which include plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, and so on. Layer-to-layer self-loading method, as well as special wettability surface in fluid drag reduction, anti-snow, anti-freezing, anti-corrosion, oil-water separation and other applications are emerging. At the same time, the massive discharge of oily water from domestic and industrial industries, and the continuous occurrence of oil spill accidents not only pose a great challenge to our sewage treatment capacity and ecological balance. Therefore, the separation of oil and water is a very important field for scientific research and solving the pollution of industrial and domestic oily water and oil spill, and it is also beneficial to environmental protection. Under this background, the application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic materials in oil-water separation is studied in this paper. The main work focuses on the surface wettability, stability and oil-water separation efficiency of the materials. The main work is as follows: 1. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh in oil-water separation. With excellent flexibility, excellent pressure resistance, easy surface treatment, low price, good mechanical properties, 304 stainless steel wire mesh as substrate, low surface energy low density polyethylene (LDPE) film formed in 304 stainless steel wire mesh. In order to improve the surface roughness of omentum, the surface of omentum has stable super-lipophilicity and super-hydrophobicity in natural environment by using solvent and insoluble combination method of multi-dip coating to construct micro-/ nano-roughness structure. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, organic solvents, etc. The separation efficiency is up to 95%. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic sponge in separation of oil-water mixture. Three-dimensional porous sponge, which is cheap, easy to compress and elastic, is used as substrate. Low surface energy material LDPE is used to form a film on the surface of sponge and sponge skeleton to construct a sponge with super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic special wettability. The porous structure of sponges can capture a large amount of air and form airbags on the surface of sponges by means of solvent and insoluble combination with multi-dip coating. The air bags and low surface energy substance LDPE cooperate with each other. Thus, the surface of sponge has stable super-lipophilic and super-hydrophobic properties in natural environment. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, acetone, n-heptane and so on. The separation efficiency is about 95%. During the separation process, the sponges were repeatedly used repeatedly, and their oil-water separation ability and surface hydrophobicity did not change significantly. The basic theory of wetting and the application of capillary force in oil-water separation. The concave-convex rough super-oily-super-hydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh surface wetting is a composite wetting model. The wetting model is simplified and classified as Cassie-Baxter model and the calculation is carried out on the wettability model of the super-oily-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh. In the process of oil-water separation of super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic sponge, the stress analysis of oil and sponge was carried out.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB34
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本文編號：2437354