【摘要】：三維織物增強復(fù)合材料具有良好的層間力學(xué)性能、抗剪切性能、結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和可設(shè)計性。常見的三維織物結(jié)構(gòu)有正交三向結(jié)構(gòu)、2.5D平紋結(jié)構(gòu)、及其襯經(jīng)、襯緯、和襯法向結(jié)構(gòu),這些結(jié)構(gòu)大量運用在各類復(fù)合材料中。與2.5D平紋結(jié)構(gòu)相比,2.5D類緞紋結(jié)構(gòu)織物中浮長線較長,交織點較少,使2.5D類緞紋織物具有良好的變形能力,更適宜用于彎曲、扭轉(zhuǎn)等曲面結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)合材料增強體,典型應(yīng)用如葉片和天線罩等。為了保證2.5D類緞紋織物增強復(fù)合材料在疲勞環(huán)境下的使用安全,研究其拉伸特性和拉-拉疲勞性能是十分有必要的。根據(jù)2.5D類緞紋織物組織結(jié)構(gòu)特點,設(shè)計織物開口工藝和一種開口輔助工裝,在三維織機(jī)上實現(xiàn)織物的連續(xù)織造。對織物進(jìn)行復(fù)合,得到2.5D類緞紋織物復(fù)合材料,簡稱FC(Fabric Composite),剖切試件研究復(fù)合材料內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),以經(jīng)緯紗真實狀態(tài)建立細(xì)觀模型,并計算2.5D類緞紋織物幾何參數(shù)。同時,制備緞紋鋪層復(fù)合材料,簡稱LC(Laminates Composite),進(jìn)行對比研究�；贒IC全場應(yīng)變系統(tǒng),測試了 FC和LC試件面內(nèi)經(jīng)向拉伸應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變關(guān)系,研究兩種結(jié)構(gòu)對復(fù)合材料拉伸性能的影響。并開展FC和LC試件拉-拉疲勞性能,從細(xì)觀層次分析了兩種復(fù)合材料在高周疲勞下強度、模量和疲勞損傷擴(kuò)展模式。經(jīng)向拉伸試驗中,FC比LC試件經(jīng)向拉伸強度小5%,拉伸模量高9%,斷裂伸長率高5%,差值小主要原因為兩種試件面內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)和纖維體積含量近似;但泊松比FC比LC試件大93%,主要因為2.5D類緞紋織物緯向變形能力較強。拉-拉疲勞試驗中,FC試件在70%疲勞應(yīng)力水平下就到達(dá)100萬次疲勞循環(huán),而LC試件滿足100萬次疲勞循環(huán)的應(yīng)力水平為52.5%,說明FC試件抗疲勞能力強于LC試件。FC和LC試件拉-拉疲勞具有三個發(fā)展階段,FC試件三個階段正則化模量下降趨勢和塑性變形增長趨勢明顯弱于LC試件,表明FC抗疲勞性能優(yōu)于LC試件。疲勞后FC試件強度損失31.2%、拉伸模量下降22.6%、斷裂伸長率下降27.8%、泊松比下降2.5%;LC試件強度損失51.7%、拉伸模量下降4.2%、斷裂伸長率下降50.9%、泊松比上裝123%;各項性能變化均與疲勞對試件損傷程度有關(guān)。觀測比疲勞斷口和疲勞后無損檢測,發(fā)現(xiàn),FC試件在經(jīng)緯紗交織處和緯向具有明顯損傷,并沿經(jīng)緯交織方向和緯向發(fā)展,LC試件層間具有明顯損傷,在層間沿受力方向擴(kuò)散。對比兩組拉-拉疲勞試驗結(jié)果,表明,2.5D類緞紋織物復(fù)合材料抗疲勞性能優(yōu)于緞紋織物鋪層復(fù)合材料試件。課題以復(fù)合材料實際應(yīng)用需求為背景,研究了 2.5D類鍛紋織物作為用于高周疲勞復(fù)合材料增強體的可行性,為其應(yīng)用提供了試驗數(shù)據(jù)和設(shè)計依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional fabric reinforced composites have good interlaminar mechanical properties, shear resistance, structural stability and design. The common three-dimensional fabric structure has orthogonal three-way structure, 2.5D plain grain structure, and its lining warp, lining weft, and lining normal structure. These structures are widely used in all kinds of composite materials. Compared with 2.5D plain fabric, 2.5D satin fabric has longer floating length and fewer interweaving points, so 2.5D satin fabric has good deformation ability and is more suitable for curved and torsional composite reinforcement. Typical applications such as blades and radome. In order to ensure the safety of 2.5D satin fabric reinforced composites in fatigue environment, it is necessary to study the tensile properties and tensile-tensile fatigue properties of 2.5D satin fabric reinforced composites. According to the structure characteristics of 2.5D satin fabric, the fabric opening technology and an opening assistant tool are designed to realize the continuous weaving of fabric on three-dimensional loom. The composite material of 2.5D satin fabric was obtained by compounding the fabric. The internal structure of the composite was studied by FC (Fabric Composite), cutting specimen. A mesoscopic model was established based on the true state of theodolite and weft yarn, and the geometric parameters of 2.5D satin fabric were calculated. At the same time, the preparation of satin laminate composite, abbreviated as LC (Laminates Composite), was compared. Based on the DIC full-field strain system, the in-plane tensile stress-strain relationship between FC and LC specimens was measured, and the effects of the two structures on the tensile properties of the composites were studied. The tensile-tensile fatigue properties of FC and LC specimens were studied. The strength, modulus and fatigue damage propagation modes of the two composites under high cycle fatigue were analyzed at a mesoscopic level. In the tensile test, the tensile strength, modulus and elongation at break of FC are 5% less, 9% and 5% higher than those of LC, respectively. The main reason for the small difference is that the in-plane structure and fiber volume content of the two specimens are similar. However, Poisson is 93% larger than FC than LC, mainly because 2.5D satin fabric has strong zonal deformation ability. In tension-tension fatigue test, FC samples reach 1 million fatigue cycles at 70% fatigue stress level, while LC specimens reach 52.5% stress level of 1 million fatigue cycles. The results show that the fatigue resistance of FC specimens is stronger than that of LC specimens. FC and LC specimens have three stages of development, and the decreasing trend of regularization modulus and the increasing trend of plastic deformation in three stages of FC specimens are obviously weaker than those of LC specimens. The results show that the fatigue resistance of FC is better than that of LC. After fatigue, the strength loss of FC specimen was 31.2%, tensile modulus decreased 22.6%, elongation at break decreased 27.8%, Poisson's ratio decreased 2.5%. The strength loss of LC specimens was 51.7%, tensile modulus decreased 4.2%, elongation at break decreased 50.9%, Poisson's ratio was 123%. Compared with fatigue fracture and after fatigue, it is found that FC specimen has obvious damage at warp and weft interweave and weft direction, and develops along longitude and weft direction. LC specimen has obvious damage between layers and diffuses along the direction of force between layers. The results of two groups of tensile-tensile fatigue tests show that the fatigue resistance of 2.5D satin fabric composite is better than that of satin fabric laminated composite specimen. Based on the practical application requirements of composite materials, the feasibility of 2.5D forged fabric as reinforcement for high cycle fatigue composites is studied in this paper. The experimental data and design basis are provided for its application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB33

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