【摘要】：隨著飛行器、艦船、高速列車等工程裝備不斷向輕質(zhì)、高速、重載等方向發(fā)展,復(fù)合材料、超輕多孔材料、蜂窩材料兼具輕質(zhì)、高比強(qiáng)度、高比剛度等優(yōu)良特性而廣泛應(yīng)用于實(shí)際裝備中。結(jié)構(gòu)的輕質(zhì)和高剛度特性導(dǎo)致其環(huán)境適應(yīng)性差,容易引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的振動噪聲問題,減振降噪需求迫切。針對輕質(zhì)、高剛度結(jié)構(gòu)的振動噪聲問題,一方面需要引入阻尼機(jī)理對載荷引起的振動進(jìn)行有效抑制,另一方面仍然需要保證結(jié)構(gòu)高剛度特性滿足承受外界載荷需求。通常情況下,阻尼特性的加強(qiáng)會降低結(jié)構(gòu)的剛度特性。因此,在工程減振降噪領(lǐng)域,剛度與阻尼的矛盾已經(jīng)成為結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中亟待解決的關(guān)鍵瓶頸問題。本文以實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)高剛度、高阻尼特性為目標(biāo),選取典型工程梁框架支撐結(jié)構(gòu)為對象,對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行高剛度、高阻尼設(shè)計(jì),其中重點(diǎn)研究結(jié)構(gòu)的低頻高阻尼特性。本文以超材料理論為基礎(chǔ),利用超材料所具有的彈性波低頻帶隙特性,設(shè)計(jì)手性超材料和質(zhì)量放大型超材料結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼單元,嵌入梁框架結(jié)構(gòu)中,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)對低頻穩(wěn)態(tài)載荷和沖擊載荷的高效抑制。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容和研究結(jié)論如下:1.建立了二維人工周期結(jié)構(gòu)帶隙特性和波傳播方向性的計(jì)算方法。對兩種典型的手性超材料帶隙特性和波傳播方向進(jìn)行了深入分析,結(jié)合帶隙起止頻率處的元胞振型,分析帶隙產(chǎn)生原因。對關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行參數(shù)掃描,研究了手性超材料的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)形式對帶隙位置、寬度的影響規(guī)律。2.研究了一種質(zhì)量放大型超材料帶隙特性。從帶隙起止頻率處振型和帶隙內(nèi)反共振點(diǎn)能量分布情況兩個(gè)角度,分析了質(zhì)量放大帶隙機(jī)理和局域共振帶隙機(jī)理,并研究了質(zhì)量放大型超材料的負(fù)剛度、高阻尼特性,最后對關(guān)鍵參數(shù)對帶隙的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析。3.對手性超材料和質(zhì)量放大超材料進(jìn)行阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),在穩(wěn)態(tài)載荷和瞬態(tài)沖擊兩種激勵(lì)方式下實(shí)現(xiàn)了對工程梁框架支撐結(jié)構(gòu)振動的控制,并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。針對特定敏感頻率(一階固有頻率)下的振動,優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)形式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了一階固有頻率處極大衰減的抑振效果。總之,本文以高剛度、高阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)的工程需求為牽引,以實(shí)現(xiàn)低頻減振設(shè)計(jì)為目標(biāo),研究了兩種新型聲學(xué)超材料帶隙產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,帶隙特性,并對兩種聲學(xué)超材料進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)高阻尼設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了對梁框架結(jié)構(gòu)的低頻振動控制,并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了驗(yàn)證。本文的研究工作為高剛度、高阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了有益的探索,對實(shí)際工程結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用具有一定指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:As aircraft, ships, high-speed trains and other engineering equipment continue to develop in the direction of light, high speed and heavy load, composite materials, ultra-light porous materials, honeycomb materials have both light weight and high specific strength. High specific stiffness and other excellent characteristics are widely used in practical equipment. The light weight and high stiffness of the structure lead to its poor adaptability to the environment, which can easily lead to serious vibration and noise problems, so it is urgent to reduce vibration and noise. For the vibration and noise problem of light and high stiffness structures, on the one hand, damping mechanism should be introduced to effectively suppress the vibration caused by loads, on the other hand, it is still necessary to ensure that the high stiffness characteristics of the structures can meet the external load requirements. In general, the strengthening of damping characteristics will reduce the stiffness characteristics of the structure. Therefore, in the field of engineering vibration and noise reduction, the contradiction between stiffness and damping has become the key bottleneck in structural design. The aim of this paper is to realize the high stiffness and damping characteristics of the structure and select the typical beam frame braced structure as the object to design the structure with high stiffness and high damping. The emphasis is on the low frequency and high damping characteristics of the structure. Based on the theory of metamaterials, the damping elements of chiral supermaterials and mass-released large supermaterials are designed and embedded into the beam frame structure by using the elastic wave low frequency band gap characteristic of the metamaterials. Thus, the structure can suppress the low frequency steady load and impact load efficiently. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. A method for calculating the band gap characteristics and wave propagation directivity of two dimensional artificial periodic structures is established. The band gap characteristics and wave propagation direction of two typical chiral metamaterials are analyzed in depth. The causes of band gap are analyzed in combination with the cell mode at the frequency of band gap initiation and stop. The influence of the topological structure of chiral supermaterial on the position and width of band gap was studied by scanning the key parameters. 2. The band-gap characteristics of a mass amplifier supermaterial are studied. The mass amplification band-gap mechanism and the local resonance band-gap mechanism are analyzed from the view of the mode shape at the starting and stopping frequency of the bandgap and the energy distribution of the antiresonance point in the band-gap. The negative stiffness and high damping characteristics of the mass-discharge supermaterial are studied. Finally, the influence of key parameters on the band gap is analyzed. The damping structure is designed by chiral supermaterial and mass amplification supermaterial. The vibration control of the braced structure of engineering beam frame is realized under the two excitation modes of steady load and transient shock, and the experimental results are verified. According to the vibration of certain sensitive frequency (first order natural frequency), the structure form is optimized, and the vibration suppression effect of the maximum attenuation at the first order natural frequency is realized. In a word, aiming at the engineering demand of high stiffness and high damping structure, and aiming at the design of low frequency vibration absorption, this paper studies the band-gap generation mechanism and band gap characteristics of two new acoustic supermaterials. Two kinds of acoustic supermaterials are designed with high damping, and the low frequency vibration control of beam frame structure is realized, which is verified by experiments. The research work in this paper is beneficial to the design of high stiffness and high damping structures, and has a certain guiding effect on the application of practical engineering structures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB34

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