【摘要】：近年來,關(guān)于左手材料、近零折射率材料、光子晶體等人工電磁超材料的研究與應(yīng)用越來越引人關(guān)注。其獨(dú)特的電磁特性(如近零折射率、負(fù)折射率等)必將被廣泛應(yīng)用于天線衛(wèi)星、軍事武器材料、微波與毫米波電路元件、軍事隱形等領(lǐng)域。而在這些研究與應(yīng)用中往往出現(xiàn)許多獨(dú)特的行為,因此電磁波在媒質(zhì)界面及其內(nèi)部的傳播行為成為一個(gè)熱門的研究方向。通常,介電常數(shù)和磁導(dǎo)率這兩個(gè)電磁參數(shù)往往被用于研究電磁超材料的特性。本文通過對(duì)這兩個(gè)物理量及其波阻抗η=(?)=(?)的調(diào)控,與左手材料、近零折射率材料、光子晶體等人工電磁超材料特性作對(duì)比,對(duì)電磁波在阻抗實(shí)部為零的有源超材料(ZRPIM)表面及其內(nèi)部的傳播特性進(jìn)行了研究。首先探討了在阻抗實(shí)部為零有源超材料表面電磁波異常的反射特性,通過建立光疏媒質(zhì)到光密媒質(zhì)(且為ZRPIM)的理論模型,并基于麥克斯韋方程組和反射折射關(guān)系式,考察了在ZRPIM表面上電磁波出現(xiàn)的全角全反射、反射增強(qiáng)行為。然后探討在在阻抗實(shí)部為零有源超材料平板內(nèi)電磁場(chǎng)能量轉(zhuǎn)化與電磁波傳播特性,發(fā)現(xiàn)正是由于平板中前向波和后向波之間的相互干擾,或稱坡印廷矢量的交叉項(xiàng)起著主導(dǎo)作用,從而導(dǎo)致奇異行為的出現(xiàn)。通過對(duì)瞬時(shí)能流密度、電磁能量損耗密度、電磁場(chǎng)儲(chǔ)能密度等參量特性之間關(guān)系的仔細(xì)考慮,推導(dǎo)出%健S(z,t)](坡印廷矢量的梯度)和We,m(z,t)(電場(chǎng)做功和磁場(chǎng)做功之和)的相等關(guān)系,驗(yàn)證了能量守恒定律,也進(jìn)一步表明了此理論模型的自洽性。最后通過調(diào)節(jié)介電常數(shù)和磁導(dǎo)率分別對(duì)具有低阻抗實(shí)部有源超材料特性的無損材料、有損材料、增益材料進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,初步驗(yàn)證了正是由于此交叉項(xiàng)而導(dǎo)致的一些新穎特性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the research and application of artificial electromagnetic metamaterials such as left-handed materials, near-zero refractive index materials and photonic crystals have attracted more and more attention. Its unique electromagnetic properties (such as near-zero refractive index, negative refractive index, etc.) will be widely used in antenna satellites, military weapon materials, microwave and millimeter wave circuit elements, military stealth and so on. However, there are many unique behaviors in these researches and applications, so the propagation behavior of electromagnetic waves at the interface and inside of the medium has become a hot research direction. In general, permittivity and permeability are often used to study the properties of electromagnetic metamaterials. In this paper, the two physical quantities and their wave impedance 畏 = (?) Compared with the characteristics of artificial electromagnetic metamaterials such as left-handed material, near-zero refractive index material and photonic crystal, the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic wave on the surface and inside of active metamaterials with zero impedance are studied. The reflection characteristics of electromagnetic wave anomalies on the surface of zero active metamaterials in real impedance are discussed. By establishing a theoretical model from light thinning medium to light dense medium (and ZRPIM), and based on Maxwell equations and reflection refraction relation, The total angle reflection and reflection enhancement behavior of electromagnetic waves on ZRPIM surface are investigated. Then, the characteristics of electromagnetic energy conversion and electromagnetic wave propagation in a plate with zero active metamaterials at the real impedance are discussed. It is found that the interaction between forward and backward waves in the plate is precisely due to the interaction between forward and backward waves. The cross-term of Poynting vector plays a leading role, leading to the emergence of strange behavior. Through careful consideration of the relationship between the instantaneous energy flow density, the electromagnetic energy loss density, the electromagnetic energy storage density and other parameter characteristics, we derive the% Jian S (zt)] (gradient of Poynting vector) and We,m (z). The equal relationship between the work done by the t) (electric field and the work done by the magnetic field verifies the conservation law of energy and further indicates the self-consistency of the theoretical model. Finally, by adjusting the permittivity and permeability, numerical simulation of lossless material, lossy material and gain material with the characteristics of active metamaterials with low impedance are carried out, respectively. Some novel properties caused by this cross term are preliminarily verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB34;O441

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本文編號(hào)：2367428