【摘要】：納米粒子是指粒度在1-100 nm之間的粒子,它具有表面效應(yīng)、量子尺寸效應(yīng)、小尺寸效應(yīng)及宏觀量子隧道效應(yīng),并由此派生出傳統(tǒng)固體不具有的許多特殊性質(zhì),導(dǎo)致納米粒子的力、磁、光、聲、熱、電等性能與宏觀材料的特性有明顯的不同。因而,對(duì)納米材料的制備與應(yīng)用的研究已成為當(dāng)今材料科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)。近年來(lái),金納米簇(AuNCs)作為一種新型的熒光納米材料在癌癥診斷和治療方面的應(yīng)用已經(jīng)逐漸受到研究人員的重視。與傳統(tǒng)熒光材料如量子點(diǎn)、有機(jī)染料等相比,AuNCs有毒性低、化學(xué)和光學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好、熒光壽命長(zhǎng)、熒光強(qiáng)度大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。基于AuNCs的良好的生物相容性和易于合成的優(yōu)點(diǎn),AuNCs作為新型熒光試劑在生物醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究中越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。由于可以克服單一成像模式的弊端、集合單一成像的優(yōu)點(diǎn),多功能成像納米探針的發(fā)展在癌癥診療中具有日趨重要的意義。本文首次提出一種新型、簡(jiǎn)便的方法,將具有聚集增強(qiáng)熒光效應(yīng)的Gd3+誘導(dǎo)聚集的AuNCs聚集體包覆于二氧化硅(Si02)殼中制備出形貌均一、分散性良好的Gd3+-A-AuNCs@Si02納米粒子(熒光強(qiáng)度為同濃度AuNCs的3.8倍)。同時(shí),由于以Gd3+為基礎(chǔ)的復(fù)合物可用于核磁(MR)成像,含Au的納米粒子可用于計(jì)算機(jī)X射線斷層掃描(CT)成像,因此制備出的納米粒子具有作為多功能成像納米探針的潛質(zhì)。經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn),合成的納米粒子在小鼠體內(nèi)和體外多功能(熒光/CT/MR)成像方面具有良好的應(yīng)用潛能。進(jìn)一步工作中,我們用一種簡(jiǎn)便、通用的以聚丙烯酸(PAA)為模板的方法,通過(guò)將雙功能(CT/熒光)成像的核包覆,得到了蛋黃-蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)的A-AuNC@PAA/mSiO2納米粒子,外層的Si02殼中的堆積孔同時(shí)賦予了蛋黃-蛋殼結(jié)構(gòu)納米粒子運(yùn)載藥物的能力。制備出的納米粒子可用于體內(nèi)和體外雙功能成像,也可用作pH響應(yīng)藥物載體,對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞進(jìn)行化學(xué)治療,實(shí)現(xiàn)了癌癥治療中的診斷、治療一體化。
[Abstract]:Nanoparticles are particles with a particle size of 1-100 nm. They have surface effect, quantum size effect, small size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, and derive many special properties that traditional solids do not have. The mechanical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, thermal and electrical properties of the nanoparticles are obviously different from those of the macroscopic materials. Therefore, the preparation and application of nanomaterials have become a hot spot in the field of material science. In recent years, the application of gold nanocluster (AuNCs) as a new fluorescent nano-material in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been paid more and more attention by researchers. Compared with traditional fluorescent materials such as quantum dots and organic dyes, AuNCs has the advantages of low toxicity, good chemical and optical stability, long fluorescence lifetime and high fluorescence intensity. Based on the advantages of good biocompatibility and easy synthesis of AuNCs, as a new fluorescent reagent, has attracted more and more attention in biomedical research. Because the disadvantages of single imaging mode can be overcome and the advantages of single imaging can be integrated, the development of multifunctional imaging nanoprobes is becoming more and more important in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a new and simple method is proposed, in which the aggregates of Gd3 with agglomeration enhanced fluorescence effect are coated in silica (Si02) shells, and the morphology of AuNCs aggregates is uniform. Gd3-A-AuNCs@Si02 nanoparticles with good dispersion (fluorescence intensity 3. 8 times that of AuNCs of the same concentration). At the same time, because Gd3 based composites can be used for nuclear magnetic (MR) imaging, nanoparticles containing Au can be used in computed X-ray tomography (CT) imaging. Therefore, the prepared nanoparticles have the potential to be multifunctional imaging nanoprobes. Experimental results show that the synthesized nanoparticles have good application potential in vivo and in vitro multifunctional (fluorescence / CT/MR) imaging of mice. In further work, using a simple and general method using polyacrylic acid (PAA) as template, we obtained A-AuNC@PAA/mSiO2 nanoparticles with the structure of yolk and eggshell by coating the nuclei of CT/ imaging. The stacking holes in the outer Si02 shell also give the yolk-eggshell structure the ability to deliver drugs. The prepared nanoparticles can be used in bifunctional imaging in vivo and in vitro, and can also be used as pH response drug carrier for chemotherapy of tumor cells.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O614.123

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