【摘要】：金屬銅具有優(yōu)良的導(dǎo)電、導(dǎo)熱性能,同時(shí)具有良好的延展性,易加工。由于銅在電磁炮軌道用材料、汽車軸承、活塞桿等應(yīng)用方面,要求其具有較高的力學(xué)性能、減摩潤(rùn)滑性能等。因此,本文采用具有優(yōu)異性能的碳納米管(CNTs)、耐磨氧化鋁顆粒(Al2O3)作為增強(qiáng)相,制備銅基復(fù)合材料。希望充分發(fā)揮碳納米管、氧化鋁和銅自身優(yōu)良的性能,并通過碳納米管與氧化鋁的協(xié)同作用,制備出具有優(yōu)異性能的新型銅基復(fù)合材料。 采用化學(xué)鍍銅工藝,在碳納米管、氧化鋁顆粒表面包覆銅,改善增強(qiáng)相與基體的潤(rùn)濕性,使其在基體中均勻分布。研究了不同含量增強(qiáng)相、不同的制備工藝對(duì)銅基復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和物理性能的影響,為碳納米管和氧化鋁顆粒協(xié)同機(jī)制提供實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)并奠定理論基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)加入CNTs和A1203后,銅基復(fù)合材料在力學(xué)性能、摩擦性能、導(dǎo)電性和導(dǎo)熱性方面均體現(xiàn)了協(xié)同作用。復(fù)合材料的維氏硬度提高了67.2%,協(xié)同增加幅度為0.3%；抗拉強(qiáng)度增加了63.8%,協(xié)同增加幅度為18.8%；磨損率減小了55.9%,協(xié)同幅度為35.0%；導(dǎo)電率保持了76.3%,協(xié)同增加幅度為15.8%；熱導(dǎo)率保持了76.4%,協(xié)同幅度為3.2%。 為了使銅基復(fù)合材料滿足需求并具有較長(zhǎng)的使用壽命,本文采用了超音速火焰噴涂工藝在基體表面噴涂WC-12Co涂層。測(cè)試了涂層性能：涂層表面硬度比涂層截面硬度高。涂層與基體結(jié)合處硬度為311.80HVo.05,比基體硬度高；涂層與基體結(jié)合強(qiáng)度為60-70MPa；經(jīng)歷46次熱循環(huán)后,涂層沒有失效；涂層磨損率為10-14-10-13m2.N-1數(shù)量級(jí),遠(yuǎn)低于基體。得到了最適用于涂層的條件為轉(zhuǎn)速300-500r·min-1,載荷2-3N。涂層摩擦方式為粘著磨損和磨粒磨損。涂層磨損率隨轉(zhuǎn)速的增大,先減小后增大。隨載荷的增大而增大：摩擦系數(shù)隨轉(zhuǎn)速的增大,先增大后減小。導(dǎo)電率平均值為2.69%IACS,孔隙率為2.8%。
[Abstract]:Metal copper has excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity, and good ductility, easy processing. Copper is required to have high mechanical properties and antifriction lubricating properties in the applications of electromagnetic gun track materials, automobile bearings, piston rods and so on. Therefore, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (CNTs), wear-resistant alumina particles (Al2O3) were used as reinforcement phase to prepare copper matrix composites. We hope to give full play to the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes, alumina and copper, and through the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and alumina, a new type of copper matrix composites with excellent properties can be prepared. Copper was coated on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and alumina particles by electroless copper plating to improve the wettability of the reinforced phase and the matrix and make it distribute uniformly in the matrix. The effects of different contents of reinforcing phases and different preparation processes on the mechanical and physical properties of copper matrix composites were studied. The experimental data and theoretical foundation were provided for the synergistic mechanism of carbon nanotubes and alumina particles. After the addition of CNTs and A1203, the synergistic effects of mechanical properties, friction properties, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper matrix composites were observed. The Vickers hardness of the composite increased by 67.2, the synergistic increase was 0.3, the tensile strength increased 63.8and the synergistic increase was 18.8. the wear rate decreased 55.9 and the synergism was 35.0. The conductivity kept 76.3and the synergistic increase was 15.8.The thermal conductivity kept 76.4and the synergistic amplitude was 3.2. In order to make the copper matrix composites meet the demand and have a long service life, the supersonic flame spraying process was used to spray the WC-12Co coating on the substrate surface in this paper. The hardness of coating surface is higher than that of coating cross section. The hardness of the coating is 311.80HVo.05which is higher than that of the substrate, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is 60-70MPa, and the coating has no failure after 46 thermal cycles. The wear rate of the coating is of the order of 10-14-10-13m2.N-1, which is much lower than that of the substrate. The optimum conditions for coating were obtained as follows: rotational speed 300-500r min-1, load 2-3N. The wear mode of coating is adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The wear rate of the coating decreases first and then increases with the increase of rotational speed. With the increase of load, the friction coefficient increases first and then decreases with the increase of rotational speed. The average conductivity is 2.69 and the porosity is 2.8.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB333;TB383.1

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