【摘要】：電流變液(Electrorheological Fluids,簡稱ERFs)是一種智能軟材料,它通常是由可極化的微納米尺寸的介電分散相分散在絕緣油中組成的一種智能流體。對其施加電場后,電流變液體系的微觀結構和性能會發(fā)生明顯的變化,因此電流變液被視為具有廣泛應用前景的智能材料�？v觀電流變液的各個研究階段可以發(fā)現(xiàn),大多數(shù)的研究致力于通過添加極性分子等手段以提高電流變液的剪切屈服強度及穩(wěn)定性,而關于顆粒形貌對電流變液性能的影響研究甚少,且缺乏相關的機理分析。因此,本文利用溶劑熱法制備表面粗糙的花狀顆粒,以其為分散相制備電流變液,并與以光滑球形顆粒為分散相的電流變液進行性能對比,來分析顆粒形貌對電流變液剪切屈服強度、沉降穩(wěn)定性等性能的影響,同時利用摩擦力模型進行粗糙顆粒之間摩擦力對電流變液性能影響的機理研究。研究的主要內(nèi)容為：(1)將納米尺度結構和形貌引入微米尺度結構中,利用溶劑熱法制備出表面粗糙的花狀顆粒和表面光滑的球狀顆粒。對花狀顆粒和球狀顆粒分別進行SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA表征,觀察兩種顆粒的形貌和尺寸,并對它們的成分進行分析,結果表明兩種顆粒均為無定型態(tài)。結合兩種顆粒的表征分析,進一步推理花狀顆粒的形成過程。(2)在靜態(tài)測試模式下,對比兩種顆粒電流變液的電流變性能,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)花狀顆粒電流變液的電流變性能明顯優(yōu)于球狀顆粒電流變液�；铑w粒表面的粗糙形貌有助于提高顆粒與基液的浸潤性,增大顆粒間摩擦力,使花狀顆粒電流變液獲得較高的電流變性能。同時,測試了兩種電流變液的沉降穩(wěn)定性與時間的關系,將它們靜置1天后,花狀顆粒電流變液的抗沉降率為91.60%,而球狀顆粒電流變液的抗沉降率則迅速降至8.49%�；铑w粒表面的刺狀結構使其在硅油中不易團聚,并能夠獲得更大的浮力,所以花狀顆粒電流變液的沉降穩(wěn)定性明顯優(yōu)于以光滑球狀顆粒為分散相的電流變液。(3)在動態(tài)測試模式下,利用摩擦力模型分析顆粒間摩擦力對電流變液性能的影響。應變與模量變化關系的實驗結果表明,在應變?yōu)?.1%時兩種電流變液都處于各自的線性黏彈區(qū),故后續(xù)的動態(tài)測試在0.1%應變下進行。對花狀顆粒電流變液和球狀顆粒電流變液的動態(tài)性能進行分析計算可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：在低電場強度下,顆粒間摩擦力τf對電流變液的性能起主導作用；在高電場強度下,顆粒間電場力τe對電流變液的性能起主導作用�；铑w粒表面粗糙的刺狀結構使其獲得了更大的顆粒間摩擦力,從而花狀顆粒電流變液具有更好的電流變液性能。因此,顆粒間摩擦力是影響電流變液性能的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Electrorheological fluid (Electrorheological Fluids,) is a kind of intelligent soft material. It is usually a kind of intelligent fluid which is composed of polarizable micro-nanometer size dielectric dispersion phase dispersed in insulating oil. The microstructure and properties of electrorheological fluids will change obviously after applying electric field, so electrorheological fluids are regarded as smart materials with wide application prospects. Looking at the various stages of ER fluids, it can be found that most of the studies focus on increasing the shear yield strength and stability of ER fluids by adding polar molecules. However, the effect of particle morphology on the performance of electrorheological fluids is seldom studied, and there is a lack of relevant mechanism analysis. Therefore, the flower-like particles with rough surface were prepared by solvothermal method, and the electrorheological fluids were prepared by using them as dispersed phase, and compared with those of electrorheological fluids with smooth spherical particles as dispersed phase. The effects of particle morphology on the shear yield strength and settlement stability of ERF were analyzed, and the friction model was used to study the mechanism of the effect of friction between rough particles on ERF performance. The main contents of the study are as follows: (1) Nano-scale structure and morphology are introduced into micron scale structure, and the coarse flower-like particles and smooth spherical particles are prepared by solvothermal method. Flower and spherical particles were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, TGA, the morphology and size of the two kinds of particles were observed, and their compositions were analyzed. The results showed that the two kinds of particles were amorphous. Combined with the characterization analysis of two kinds of particles, the formation process of flower-like particles was further deduced. (2) in static test mode, the electrorheological properties of the two kinds of particle electrorheological fluids were compared. It is found that the ER performance of flower-shaped ERF is better than that of spherical ERF. The rough surface morphology of flower-like particles is helpful to improve the wettability of particles and the friction between particles, so that the error-rheological properties of flower-like particles can be improved. At the same time, the relationship between the settling stability and the time of the two electrorheological fluids was tested. After one day of statics, the anti-sedimentation rate of the flower-like ER fluid was 91.60 and that of the spherical ERF decreased rapidly to 8.49g. The spiny structure on the surface of the flower-like particles makes it difficult to reunite in silicone oil and can obtain greater buoyancy. Therefore, the settling stability of error-rheological solution of flower-like particles is obviously better than that of electrorheological fluid with smooth spherical particles as dispersed phase. (3) in dynamic test mode, the effect of friction force between particles on the performance of ERF is analyzed by using friction force model. The experimental results show that the two electrorheological fluids are in their respective linear viscoelastic regions when the strain is 0.1, so the subsequent dynamic tests are carried out at 0.1% strain. Through the analysis and calculation of the dynamic properties of the flower-like particle electrorheological fluid and the spherical particle electrorheological fluid, it can be found that at low electric field strength, the friction between particles 蟿 f plays a leading role in the performance of the ER fluid; At high electric field strength, the interparticle electric field force 蟿 e plays a leading role in the performance of electrorheological fluids. The thorny structure on the surface of flower-like particles makes them obtain greater friction between particles, thus the error-rheological fluids of flower-like particles have better electrorheological properties. Therefore, the friction between particles is an important factor affecting the performance of electrorheological fluids.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB381

【共引文獻】

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