【摘要】：近年來(lái)，有序納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列由于其在光子晶體表面增強(qiáng)拉曼散射光譜光催化生物傳感等方面的廣泛應(yīng)用而備受關(guān)注。納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列由很多規(guī)則有序的結(jié)構(gòu)單元組成，與一般材料相比，它不僅具有納米材料本身固有的性能，還可以因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)單元之間的耦合效應(yīng)而表現(xiàn)出一些特殊的性能，從而拓展了其應(yīng)用。在眾多制備納米陣列的方法中，膠體晶體模板法由于其操作簡(jiǎn)單經(jīng)濟(jì)可控性強(qiáng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而成為納米陣列構(gòu)筑中最常用的方法之一。膠體晶體模板法構(gòu)筑納米結(jié)構(gòu)陣列的途徑主要有化學(xué)沉積方法（包括溶液/溶膠浸漬法電化學(xué)沉積電泳沉積等）和物理沉積方法[比如熱蒸發(fā)沉積電子束蒸發(fā)沉積脈沖激光沉積(PLD)原子層沉積(ALD)，磁控濺射沉積等]。二者相比,物理沉積方法克服了化學(xué)沉積過程中因前驅(qū)體未完全分解而殘留大量雜質(zhì)的缺點(diǎn)，易獲得較大面積的規(guī)整排列的結(jié)構(gòu)陣列如納米顆粒納米團(tuán)簇納米孔納米柱納米環(huán)等，因此物理沉積的方法受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注。另外通過對(duì)合成路線的設(shè)計(jì)或沉積技術(shù)的選擇，可以獲得更加復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)。 對(duì)于納米陣列材料，其性能與陣列的形貌及結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸密切相關(guān)，因此納米陣列形貌與結(jié)構(gòu)的可控合成對(duì)其光學(xué)性能的研究有著重要意義。本文以膠體晶體為模板，結(jié)合磁控濺射的方法制備具有六方周期性結(jié)構(gòu)的FeGa納米球殼陣列，并對(duì)其光學(xué)性能進(jìn)行研究，其主要研究?jī)?nèi)容為三個(gè)部分：(1)采用氣-液界面自組裝的方法制備單層膠體晶體模板，通過改變微球的尺寸和沉積時(shí)間對(duì)納米陣列的形貌進(jìn)行調(diào)控。結(jié)果表明該納米陣列具有有序排列的類空心球結(jié)構(gòu)，納米陣列的結(jié)構(gòu)單元尺寸和厚度分別隨著膠體微球尺寸和沉積時(shí)間的增加而增加。另外納米陣列的球殼厚度并不均勻，而是由頂端向下逐漸減小。(2)對(duì)FeGa納米球殼陣列進(jìn)行光學(xué)性能測(cè)試，結(jié)果表明隨著納米陣列結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的增加，吸收峰在大范圍內(nèi)發(fā)生紅移，并且通過對(duì)納米陣列的結(jié)構(gòu)單元尺寸及厚度的調(diào)節(jié)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)峰位峰強(qiáng)及峰寬的調(diào)控，并對(duì)納米陣列的光學(xué)吸收進(jìn)行了理論分析。(3)FeGa合金作為一種新型的磁性材料，具有較大的磁致伸縮系數(shù)和較小的飽和磁化強(qiáng)度，在外加磁場(chǎng)作用下能夠發(fā)生磁致伸縮。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)施加垂直于納米陣列薄膜的外加磁場(chǎng)時(shí)，隨著磁場(chǎng)的增加，納米陣列的光吸收強(qiáng)度逐漸減弱，，因?yàn)楫?dāng)納米陣列發(fā)生磁致伸縮，其結(jié)構(gòu)單元被水平拉伸，球形陣列曲率減小，反射增強(qiáng)，從而導(dǎo)致吸收強(qiáng)度減弱。
[Abstract]:In recent years, ordered nanostructures array due to its photonic crystal? Surface enhanced Raman scattering? Photocatalysis? The wide application of biosensor has attracted much attention. Nanostructured arrays are composed of many regular and ordered structural units. Compared with general materials, nanostructured arrays not only have inherent properties of nanomaterials themselves, but also exhibit some special properties because of the coupling effect between structural units. Thus, its application is expanded. Among the many methods of preparing nanoscale arrays, the colloidal crystal template method is simple because of its simple operation. Economics Because of its strong controllability, it has become one of the most commonly used methods in nano array construction. The main ways to fabricate nanostructured arrays by colloidal crystal template are chemical deposition (including solution / sol impregnation method). Electrochemical deposition? Electrophoretic deposition, etc.) and physical deposition methods [e.g. thermal evaporation deposition? Electron beam evaporation deposition? Pulsed laser deposition of (PLD)? Atomic layer deposition, (ALD), magnetron sputtering deposition, etc. The physical deposition method overcomes the defects of large amount of impurities in the chemical deposition process because the precursor is not completely decomposed and it is easy to obtain a large area of structured arrays such as nanocrystalline particles. Nanoclusters? Nanopores? Nanorods? Because of the nano-ring and so on, the method of physical deposition has been paid more and more attention. In addition, more complex structures can be obtained by the design of synthetic routes or the selection of deposition techniques. The properties of nano-array materials are closely related to the morphology and structural size of the arrays. Therefore, the controllable synthesis of the morphology and structure of nanoarrays is of great significance to the study of their optical properties. In this paper, FeGa nanospheres arrays with hexagonal periodic structure were fabricated by using colloidal crystal as template and magnetron sputtering method, and their optical properties were studied. The main research contents are as follows: (1) monolayer colloidal crystal templates were prepared by gas-liquid interface self-assembly method. The morphology of nanoscale arrays was regulated by changing the size and deposition time of microspheres. The results show that the structure of the nanoarray has an ordered array of hollow spheres, and the size and thickness of the structure unit increase with the increase of the size and deposition time of the colloidal microspheres, respectively. In addition, the spherical shell thickness is not uniform, but gradually decreases from the top to the bottom. (2) the optical properties of the FeGa nanospheres array are tested. The results show that with the increase of the size of the nanoarrays, The absorption peak is redshifted in a wide range, and the peak position can be realized by adjusting the size and thickness of the structure unit of the nanoscale array. (3) as a new type of magnetic material, FeGa alloy has high magnetostrictive coefficient and low saturation magnetization. Magnetostriction can occur under the action of an external magnetic field. It is found that when the applied magnetic field perpendicular to the nanoscale film is applied, the optical absorption intensity decreases with the increase of the magnetic field, because when the nanoscale array is magnetostrictive, the structure unit is stretched horizontally. The curvature of the spherical array decreases and the reflection increases, which results in the decrease of the absorption intensity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1

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