發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-29 11:11

【摘要】：金納米棒(AuNRs)是一種在可見光和近紅外區(qū)具有獨(dú)特光學(xué)特性的棒狀金納米顆粒,在吸收光譜上同時(shí)有橫向和縱向表面等離子共振吸收峰。隨著金納米棒長(zhǎng)徑比、形狀、尺寸和環(huán)境介質(zhì)物理性質(zhì)的改變,其等離子共振吸收峰的位置不同,金納米棒溶液也呈現(xiàn)出不同的顏色,為新型比色傳感器的構(gòu)筑和開發(fā)提供了理想的平臺(tái)。本文首先采用種子生長(zhǎng)法制備金納米棒,再將其分散于聚乙烯醇溶液中,以戊二醛為交聯(lián)劑,制備了對(duì)二價(jià)汞離子(Hg2+)有光學(xué)響應(yīng)性的化學(xué)交聯(lián)金納米棒-聚乙烯醇(AuNRs-PVA)復(fù)合水凝膠。用于Hg2+檢測(cè)時(shí),在還原劑抗壞血酸的輔助下,溶液中的Hg2+被還原為Hg0,與固定在凝膠網(wǎng)格中的金納米棒結(jié)合形成金汞齊,導(dǎo)致金納米棒的長(zhǎng)徑比減小,凝膠的顏色也顯著改變。該傳感器對(duì)Hg2+有良好的響應(yīng)性和選擇性,測(cè)量線性范圍為0～3.0μM,相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.997,響應(yīng)時(shí)間為5min。通過對(duì)金納米棒的固定,克服了金納米棒在復(fù)雜檢測(cè)環(huán)境中的穩(wěn)定性問題,所構(gòu)建的光學(xué)傳感器具有制備方法簡(jiǎn)便、穩(wěn)定性高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可用于水體中微量汞離子的檢測(cè)。甲醛是一種具有強(qiáng)烈刺激性的化學(xué)物質(zhì),對(duì)人體健康有嚴(yán)重威脅。本文利用金納米棒和汞之間的強(qiáng)親和性,在甲醛檢測(cè)中引入Hg2+為輔助試劑,利用甲醛在堿性環(huán)境中較強(qiáng)的還原性將Hg2+還原為Hg0,通過檢測(cè)金納米棒縱向等離子體共振吸收峰的位置和溶液的顏色變化,發(fā)展了一種新型的基于金納米棒等離子體共振特性的非聚集法甲醛比色傳感器。將這種傳感器用于實(shí)際水樣中甲醛含量的測(cè)定,顯示其具有高選擇性、高靈敏度等特點(diǎn),是一種實(shí)用性強(qiáng)和應(yīng)用前景廣闊的甲醛檢測(cè)方法。由于表面活性劑層的存在,用種子生長(zhǎng)法制備的金納米棒在溶液中帶正電。本文中以兩性聚電解質(zhì)明膠為穩(wěn)定劑,利用明膠與金納米棒的靜電相互作用,制備了明膠包覆的金納米棒(Gelatin-AuNRs)。Zeta電位、透射電鏡和紫外-可見光譜分析結(jié)果表明,明膠層的存在顯著增強(qiáng)了金納米棒的耐鹽穩(wěn)定性,克服了金納米棒溶液在高濃度電解質(zhì)溶液中容易發(fā)生聚集和沉降的缺點(diǎn)。同時(shí),研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Gelatin-AuNRs對(duì)Hg2+的響應(yīng)行為與未表面改性的金納米棒不同,其溶液顏色變化更鮮艷,利用吸收光譜進(jìn)行Hg2+檢測(cè)的結(jié)果也更準(zhǔn)確,并對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:Gold nanorods (AuNRs) is a kind of rod-shaped gold nanoparticles with unique optical properties in the visible and near infrared region. There are transverse and longitudinal surface plasmon resonance absorption peaks at the same time in the absorption spectra of gold nanorods. With the change of aspect ratio, shape, size and physical properties of the ambient medium, the position of the plasmon resonance absorption peak of gold nanorods is different, and the gold nanorods have different colors. It provides an ideal platform for the construction and development of new colorimetric sensor. In this paper, gold nanorods were prepared by seed growth method, then dispersed in polyvinyl alcohol solution with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. A chemically crosslinked gold nanorod polyvinyl alcohol (AuNRs-PVA) hydrogel with optical response to divalent mercury ion (Hg2) was prepared. When used in Hg2 detection, with the aid of ascorbic acid, the Hg2 in the solution was reduced to Hg0, and the gold nanorods fixed in the gel grid were combined to form gold amalgam, which resulted in the decrease of the aspect ratio of gold nanorods and the change of gel color. The sensor has good response and selectivity to Hg2. The linear range is 0 渭 m, the correlation coefficient is 0.997, and the response time is 5 min. The stability of gold nanorods in complex detection environment is overcome by fixing gold nanorods. The optical sensor has the advantages of simple preparation and high stability. It can be used for the detection of trace mercury ions in water. Formaldehyde is a kind of chemical substance with strong irritation, which is a serious threat to human health. In this paper, the strong affinity between gold nanorods and mercury was used, Hg2 was introduced as auxiliary reagent in formaldehyde detection, and Hg2 was reduced to Hg0, by formaldehyde in alkaline environment. By detecting the position of the longitudinal plasma resonance absorption peak of gold nanorods and the color change of the solution, a new non-aggregated formaldehyde colorimetric sensor based on the plasma resonance characteristics of gold nanorods was developed. The sensor has been applied to the determination of formaldehyde in real water samples. It shows that the sensor has the characteristics of high selectivity and high sensitivity. It is a practical and promising method for the determination of formaldehyde. Due to the existence of surfactant layer, the gold nanorods prepared by seed growth method are positively charged in solution. Using amphoteric polyelectrolyte gelatin as stabilizer, the gelatin coated gold nanorods (Gelatin-AuNRs). Zeta potential, TEM and UV-Vis) were prepared by electrostatic interaction between gelatin and gold nanorods. The existence of gelatin layer enhances the salt resistance stability of gold nanorods and overcomes the shortcoming that gold nanorods are easy to accumulate and settle in high concentration electrolyte solution. At the same time, it is found that the response behavior of Gelatin-AuNRs to Hg2 is different from that of unmodified gold nanorods, the color of the solution changes more brightly, and the results of Hg2 detection by absorption spectra are more accurate. The mechanism of this phenomenon is also discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB383.1;O614.123

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