【摘要】：托輥在帶式運輸機中有著“心臟”之稱。目前市面上已有的托輥材料在使用的過程中都存在諸多問題,如陶瓷托輥過重、脆性大;金屬托輥則耐磨性不佳,長時間運轉(zhuǎn)易產(chǎn)生毛刺,而產(chǎn)生的毛刺非常容易降低傳送帶的使用壽命等;塑料材質(zhì)托輥的力學性能較差。這些因素限制了托輥的推廣應用。本文在實驗組前期實驗的基礎上,選取了聚酰胺6(PA6)作為基體材料,采用POE-g-MAH作為主增韌劑,廢舊橡膠粉作為副增韌劑對PA6復合材料進行改性,對實驗設計、機理分析、性能檢測等進行了相關研究。主要工作如下:首先,采用不同目數(shù)(40目、60目、80目)廢舊橡膠粉對PA6復合材料進行改性,實驗發(fā)現(xiàn):當添加的廢舊橡膠粉含量增加到5%的時候,PA6復合材料的沖擊強度達到最大值,其中添加40目、60目、80目廢舊橡膠粉的復合材料其沖強度分別增加了約20.5%、40.9%、53.8%;斷裂伸長率分別增加了約56%、64%、84%;廢舊橡膠粉的加入,使得復合體系的粘度、熔點、結晶溫度、熱穩(wěn)定性出現(xiàn)了下降的現(xiàn)象。由于廢舊橡膠粉對體系的增韌程度有限。采用馬來酸酐接枝改性后的POE復合廢舊橡膠粉對體系進行增韌改性,研究了POE-g-MAH和廢舊橡膠粉不同質(zhì)量比例的性能,通過力學性能分析,確定了二者的最佳比例為POE-g-MAH:廢舊橡膠粉=6:4。PA6復合材料體系成分相對比較復雜,為了較好的考察復合增韌劑含量對PA6復合材料性能的影響,利用復合增韌劑的最佳比例對PA6進行改性研究,實驗發(fā)現(xiàn):當復合增韌劑含量為10%時,沖擊強度由原來的6.3k J/m2增至8.0 k J/m2,增加了約27%;斷裂伸長率由原來的22.1%增至33.2%,增加了約50%;拉伸強度則由原來的77.2MPa下降到59.4MPa,下降了約23%;彎曲強度由原來的90.4MPa下降到60.9MPa,下降了約32.6%;DSC,XRD和TGA結果表明,添加復合增韌劑改善PA6的結晶速率,但結晶度,晶體結構的完整性和耐熱性降低。最后,利用復合增韌劑對PA6復合材料進行改性研究。當復合增韌劑含量為15%的時候,其拉伸強度從85.6MPa下降至70.2MPa,下降了約17.9%;彎曲強度從130.2MPa下降至90.9MPa,下降了約30.2%;缺口沖擊強度從5.1MPa增加至18.1MPa,增加了約2.5倍;斷裂伸長率從6.3%增加至19.4%,增加了約2.07倍;DSC和TGA結果表明,復合材料的熔點、熱穩(wěn)定性出現(xiàn)了下降的現(xiàn)象,其結晶溫度出現(xiàn)了上升的現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:The roller has the name of "heart" in the belt conveyer. At present, there are many problems in the process of using the existing roller materials, such as ceramic roller overweight, brittleness; The wear resistance of metal roller is poor and the burr is easy to be produced in long time operation, and the burr produced is very easy to reduce the service life of conveyer belt, and the mechanical properties of plastic roller are poor. These factors limit the popularization and application of the roller. On the basis of the previous experiment in the experimental group, polyamide 6 (PA6) was selected as the matrix material, POE-g-MAH as the main toughening agent and waste rubber powder as the secondary toughening agent to modify the PA6 composite, and the experimental design was carried out. Mechanism analysis, performance testing and other related studies were carried out. The main work is as follows: firstly, the waste rubber powder (40 mesh, 60 mesh, 80 mesh) is used to modify the PA6 composite material. It is found that the content of waste rubber powder is increased to 5% when the content of waste rubber powder is increased to 5%. The impact strength of PA6 composites reached the maximum value, and the impact strength of the composites with 40 mesh, 60 mesh and 80 mesh waste rubber powder increased about 20.5% 40.9% and 53.8% respectively. The elongation at break increased about 56%, and the addition of waste rubber powder decreased the viscosity, melting point, crystallization temperature and thermal stability of the composite system. The toughening degree of the system is limited because of the waste rubber powder. Maleic anhydride grafted POE composite waste rubber powder was used to toughen and modify the system. The properties of POE-g-MAH and waste rubber powder with different mass ratio were studied, and the mechanical properties were analyzed. The optimum ratio of POE-g-MAH: waste rubber powder = 6:4.PA6 composite system is relatively complex. In order to investigate the effect of the content of compound toughening agent on the properties of PA6 composites, The modification of PA6 was studied by using the optimum proportion of compound toughening agent. It was found that when the content of compound toughening agent was 10, the impact strength increased from 6.3k J/m2 to 8.0 KJ / m2, which increased about 27kg / m2. The elongation at break increased from 22. 1% to 33. 2%, and the tensile strength decreased from the original 77.2MPa to 59. 4 MPa, which decreased by 23%, and the tensile strength decreased from 22. 1% to 33. 2%, and the tensile strength decreased from the original 77.2MPa to 59. 4 MPa. The bending strength decreased from the original 90.4MPa to 60.9 MPA, and the results of XRD and TGA showed that the addition of compound toughening agent improved the crystallization rate of PA6, but the crystallinity, the integrity of crystal structure and the heat resistance of PA6 were decreased. Finally, the composite toughening agent was used to modify PA6 composites. When the content of compound toughener was 15%, the tensile strength decreased from 85.6MPa to 70.2MPa, and the bending strength decreased from 130.2MPa to 90.9MPa, which decreased about 30.2MPa. The notched impact strength increased about 2.5 times from 5.1MPa to 18.1MPa, and the elongation at break increased from 6.3% to 19.4MPA, which increased by 2.07 times. The results of DSC and TGA show that the melting point and thermal stability of the composites decrease and the crystallization temperature increases.
【學位授予單位】：湖南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TB332

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