輕質(zhì)低熱導(dǎo)聚合物復(fù)合材料的制備及其性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-21 09:02
【摘要】：研究低熱導(dǎo)、高強度、輕質(zhì)量的新型多功能復(fù)合材料,對于實現(xiàn)資源和能源的高效利用、節(jié)能降耗減排以及人類環(huán)境和社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有非常重要的意義。本論文通過復(fù)合手段,采用液相浸漬、模壓成型以及高溫固化工藝,制備出高強、輕質(zhì)、低熱導(dǎo)的復(fù)合材料,以滿足航空航天、軍事、建筑和工業(yè)領(lǐng)域等新技術(shù)發(fā)展的需要。本論文的研究工作包括四個部分:(1)用模壓成型的方法,制備了多種中空玻璃微球(HGM)、碳酸鈣、滑石粉、云母粉和連續(xù)玻璃纖維布共同改性不飽和聚酯樹脂復(fù)合材料。用穩(wěn)態(tài)法測得復(fù)合材料的熱導(dǎo)率。通過一系列靜態(tài)壓縮和彎曲實驗,研究了HGM填充量對復(fù)合材料的強度的影響,并分析了其影響原因。研究表明,隨著HGM填充量的增加,復(fù)合材料的密度與熱導(dǎo)率均有所降低;當(dāng)HGM填充25%時,復(fù)合材料熱導(dǎo)率值僅為1.180 W/(m·K)。復(fù)合材料的彎曲強度隨著HGM的填充量增加而先增強后降低,當(dāng)HGM填充為10%時,達到最大值為223.176 MPa,無機填料的填充降低了復(fù)合材料的彎曲強度。復(fù)合材料壓縮性能隨著HGM填充量的增加而降低,無機填料的填充,增大了復(fù)合材料的壓縮強度。(2)通過模壓成型法,制備了一系列中空玻璃微球/玻璃纖維氈/硅樹脂復(fù)合材料。用穩(wěn)態(tài)法測得復(fù)合材料的熱導(dǎo)率。通過一系列拉伸、彎曲和靜態(tài)壓縮實驗,研究了HGM填充量對復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能的影響,并分析了其影響原因。結(jié)果表明,隨著HGM填充量的不斷增加,復(fù)合材料的密度與熱導(dǎo)率均有效降低,填充10%HGM時,復(fù)合材料的熱導(dǎo)率下降44%;保持填料的體積不變,用碳酸鈣替代部分HGM,復(fù)合材料密度和熱導(dǎo)率均變大。復(fù)合材料的拉伸、壓縮和彎曲性能都隨著HGM填充量的不斷增加而下降,當(dāng)填充10%HGM時,復(fù)合材料的拉伸、壓縮和彎曲強度分別下降了33.46%、14.30%和17.39%,用碳酸鈣替代部分HGM,復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能也隨之替代而增大。(3)采用模壓成型法,制備了一系列中空玻璃微球/硅橡膠復(fù)合材料。對比兩種不同型號HGM填充復(fù)合材料。結(jié)果表明,填充HGM能夠減小復(fù)合材料的密度、熱導(dǎo)率和熱分解率,HGM-H40填充復(fù)合材料的密度、熱導(dǎo)率和熱分解率分別下降26.9%、48.3%和16.16%;而HGM-H60填充復(fù)合材料的密度熱導(dǎo)率和熱分解率下降了17.2%、45.2%和11.54%,表明HGM是很好的輕質(zhì)、低熱導(dǎo)填料,填充HGM提高了硅橡膠熱穩(wěn)定性能。填充HGM也改變了復(fù)合材料力學(xué)性能,拉伸強度、摩擦性能和斷裂伸長率降低,而彈性模量和邵氏硬度增加。(4)使用模板法制備出CPS/SiO_2微球,分別在空氣、氮氣和氨氣條件下煅燒制備三種中空SiO_2,用電鏡掃描和透射等表征手段對三種中空SiO_2結(jié)構(gòu)進行表征。使用模壓成型法,制備了一系列中空二氧化硅/硅橡膠復(fù)合材料。結(jié)果表明,成功制備得到三種中空SiO_2。隨著SiO_2填充量增加,復(fù)合材料密度和力學(xué)性能均有所下降,當(dāng)填充4%經(jīng)改性過的空氣煅燒制備所得中空SiO_2時,復(fù)合材料拉伸強度下降最大,下降了41.87%;經(jīng)空氣煅燒所得的中空SiO_2填充復(fù)合材料,其光學(xué)性能優(yōu)于氮氣和氨氣煅燒所得SiO_2填充復(fù)合材料。通過對比分析發(fā)現(xiàn),改性過SiO_2填充復(fù)合材料力學(xué)和光學(xué)性能明顯優(yōu)于未改性的。
[Abstract]:The novel multifunctional composite material with low heat conductivity, high strength and light quality is very important for realizing efficient utilization of resources and energy, reducing energy consumption and reducing emission, and sustainable development of human environment and society. In this paper, the composite materials of high strength, light weight and low heat conductivity are prepared by means of liquid phase impregnation, compression molding and high temperature curing process, so as to meet the needs of new technological development such as aerospace, military, architectural and industrial fields. The research work of this thesis consists of four parts: (1) a variety of hollow glass microspheres (HGM), calcium carbonate, talcum powder, mica powder and continuous glass fiber cloth are used to modify unsaturated polyester resin composites. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. By means of a series of static compression and bending experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the strength of the composite was studied and its influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of composites are reduced. When HGM is filled with 25%, the thermal conductivity of composites is only 1. 180W/ (m 路 K). The bending strength of the composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of the HGM. When the HGM is filled at 10%, the maximum value is 223. 176 MPa, and the filling of the inorganic filler reduces the bending strength of the composite material. The compressive performance of composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of HGM, and the filling of inorganic filler increases the compressive strength of the composite material. (2) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ glass fiber felt/ silicone composites were prepared by compression molding. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. Through a series of tensile, bending and static compression experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the mechanical properties of the composites was studied, and the influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increasing of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are reduced effectively. When filling 10% HGM, the thermal conductivity of the composites is decreased by 44%; the bulk of the filler is kept unchanged, and the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are changed with the substitution of the calcium carbonate instead of the HGM. The tensile, compressive and bending properties of composites decreased with the increasing of HGM filling. When 10% HGM was filled, the tensile, compressive and bending strength of composites decreased by 33. 46%, 14. 30% and 17. 39%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are also increased. (3) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. Two different models of HGM-filled composites were compared. The results showed that the density, thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H40 composites were decreased by 2.6. 9%, 48. 3% and 16. 16% respectively, while the density thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H60 filled composites decreased by 17. 2%, respectively. 45. 2% and 11.54%, indicating that HGM is a good light and low heat conducting filler, filling HGM to improve the thermal stability of silicone rubber. The filling of HGM also changed the mechanical properties, tensile strength, friction property and elongation at break of the composites, while the elastic modulus and Vickers hardness increased. (4) CPS/ SiO _ 2 microspheres were prepared by using template method, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were prepared under air, nitrogen and ammonia respectively, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were characterized by electron microscope scanning and transmission. A series of hollow silica/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. The results showed that three kinds of hollow SiO _ 2 were obtained successfully. With the increase of the filling amount of SiO _ 2, the density and mechanical properties of the composites were decreased. When the hollow SiO _ 2 was prepared by filling 4% of modified air, the tensile strength of the composite was decreased by 41. 87%. Its optical performance is superior to that of SiO _ 2 filled composite material obtained from nitrogen gas and ammonia gas. It was found that the mechanical and optical properties of modified SiO _ 2-filled composites were better than those of unmodified SiO _ 2-filled composites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332
本文編號：2284633
[Abstract]:The novel multifunctional composite material with low heat conductivity, high strength and light quality is very important for realizing efficient utilization of resources and energy, reducing energy consumption and reducing emission, and sustainable development of human environment and society. In this paper, the composite materials of high strength, light weight and low heat conductivity are prepared by means of liquid phase impregnation, compression molding and high temperature curing process, so as to meet the needs of new technological development such as aerospace, military, architectural and industrial fields. The research work of this thesis consists of four parts: (1) a variety of hollow glass microspheres (HGM), calcium carbonate, talcum powder, mica powder and continuous glass fiber cloth are used to modify unsaturated polyester resin composites. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. By means of a series of static compression and bending experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the strength of the composite was studied and its influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of composites are reduced. When HGM is filled with 25%, the thermal conductivity of composites is only 1. 180W/ (m 路 K). The bending strength of the composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of the HGM. When the HGM is filled at 10%, the maximum value is 223. 176 MPa, and the filling of the inorganic filler reduces the bending strength of the composite material. The compressive performance of composite material decreases with the increase of the filling amount of HGM, and the filling of inorganic filler increases the compressive strength of the composite material. (2) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ glass fiber felt/ silicone composites were prepared by compression molding. The thermal conductivity of the composite was measured by steady-state method. Through a series of tensile, bending and static compression experiments, the effect of HGM filling amount on the mechanical properties of the composites was studied, and the influence factors were analyzed. The results show that with the increasing of HGM filling, the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are reduced effectively. When filling 10% HGM, the thermal conductivity of the composites is decreased by 44%; the bulk of the filler is kept unchanged, and the density and thermal conductivity of the composites are changed with the substitution of the calcium carbonate instead of the HGM. The tensile, compressive and bending properties of composites decreased with the increasing of HGM filling. When 10% HGM was filled, the tensile, compressive and bending strength of composites decreased by 33. 46%, 14. 30% and 17. 39%, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are also increased. (3) A series of hollow glass microspheres/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. Two different models of HGM-filled composites were compared. The results showed that the density, thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H40 composites were decreased by 2.6. 9%, 48. 3% and 16. 16% respectively, while the density thermal conductivity and thermal decomposition rate of HGM-H60 filled composites decreased by 17. 2%, respectively. 45. 2% and 11.54%, indicating that HGM is a good light and low heat conducting filler, filling HGM to improve the thermal stability of silicone rubber. The filling of HGM also changed the mechanical properties, tensile strength, friction property and elongation at break of the composites, while the elastic modulus and Vickers hardness increased. (4) CPS/ SiO _ 2 microspheres were prepared by using template method, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were prepared under air, nitrogen and ammonia respectively, and three hollow SiO _ 2 structures were characterized by electron microscope scanning and transmission. A series of hollow silica/ silicone rubber composites were prepared by compression molding. The results showed that three kinds of hollow SiO _ 2 were obtained successfully. With the increase of the filling amount of SiO _ 2, the density and mechanical properties of the composites were decreased. When the hollow SiO _ 2 was prepared by filling 4% of modified air, the tensile strength of the composite was decreased by 41. 87%. Its optical performance is superior to that of SiO _ 2 filled composite material obtained from nitrogen gas and ammonia gas. It was found that the mechanical and optical properties of modified SiO _ 2-filled composites were better than those of unmodified SiO _ 2-filled composites.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB332
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